tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66722226266298443112024-02-20T18:28:51.531-08:00Argument analysis essay topicsJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.comBlogger223125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-70566645222547877882020-08-24T04:47:00.001-07:002020-08-24T04:47:06.482-07:00Arpanet :: essays research papersThe USSR dispatches Sputnik, the primary fake earth satellite. In the late 1960's the U.S. military was frantically scared of an atomic assault from the Soviet Union. The US shaped the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) inside the Department of Defense to build up a bombproof system to associate army installations. ARPANET's physical arrange was set up in 1969 to empower colleges and research associations to trade data unreservedly. The initial two hubs that framed the ARPANET were UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute, soon after the University of Utah was added to ARPANET. The Network Control Protocol (NCP) was at first utilized as the ARPANET convention, starting in 1970. By 1971, an aggregate of 23 hosts at 15 areas were associated with the ARPANET. The following year, the primary worldwide associations happened, connecting the University School of London (UK) and the Royal Radar Establishment (Norway) to the ARPANET. The way ARPANET was set up is so that in the event that one of the system joins got disturbed by adversary assault, the traffic on it could naturally be rerouted to different connections. Luckily, the Net once in a while has gone under adversary assault. During the 1970s, ARPA too supported further examination into the uses of parcel exchanging innovations. This included stretching out bundle changing to ships adrift and ground versatile units and the utilization of radio for bundle exchanging. Ethernet was made over the span of investigation into the utilization of radio for bundle exchanging, and it was discovered that coaxial link could bolster the development of information at incredibly quick paces. The advancement of Ethernet was urgent to the development of neighborhood systems. The accomplishment of ARPANET made it hard to oversee, especially with the huge and developing number of college destinations on it. So it was broken into two sections. The two sections comprised of MILNET, which had the military destinations, and the new, littler ARPANET, which had the nonmilitary destinations. On January 1,1983, each machine associated with ARPANET needed to use TCP/IP. TCP/IP turned into the center Internet convention and supplanted NCP (old ARPANET language) totally. Because of TCP/IP MILNET and ARPANET stayed associated through a specialized plan called IP (Internet Protocol); which empowers traffic to be directed from one system to another as vital. All the systems associated with the Internet speak IP, so they all can trade messages. Despite the fact that there were just two systems around then, IP was intended to take into account countless systems. A bizarre reality about the IP configuration is that each PC on an IP arrange is similarly as skilled as some other, so any Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-26428313044441328672020-08-22T00:33:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:33:39.073-07:00Causes of Suicide Among College Students Free EssaysSelf destruction implies an individual purposefully to embrace different intends to take his life. It has been the subsequent driving reason for death among understudies (Caruso, n. d. We will compose a custom article test on Reasons for Suicide Among College Students or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now ). The issue is quitting any and all funny business in creating nation, for example, Hong Kong and the approaches to self destruction had changed to a mass self destruction endeavor on December 21, 2009 (Mak, 2011). These rising issues are disclosing to us that self destruction had getting one of the most vital issue that should be resolve before it influence our future head. Along these lines, we will audit dependent on the past research for the liquor and family relationship factors that add to self destruction among understudies. One of the variables that add to self destruction among undergrad is liquor devouring. A few past looks into have been found to help this factor. An early investigation by Lamis, Ellis, Chumney and Dula (2009) guaranteed that numerous understudies are encountering substantial liquor utilization and liquor use are connected with self-destructive conduct. This investigation is to check various degrees of hazard for liquor related issues and their connection to purposes behind living among understudies (Lamis et al. , 2009). 287 members were enrolled and separated into three liquor gatherings, that are generally safe, moderate-hazard and high-chance gathering (Lamis et al. , 2009). The speculation was made that members in the high-chance gathering will report least purposes behind living (Lamis et al. , 2009). RFL self-report measure was utilized to check how significant an explanation would be for living on members. Other than that, AUDIT test likewise used to distinguish people whose encountering liquor related issues (Lamis et al. , 2009). As the outcome, the high-chance gathering had less good issues with kicking the bucket by self destruction contrasted with the generally safe gathering (Lamis et al. , 2009). From the trial, we can see that over the top liquor use may bring down understudy moral issues with self destruction (Lamis et al. , 2009). Another trial directed by Lamis, Malone, Langhinrichsen-Rohling and Ellis (2009) expressed that liquor devouring will build the hazard for taking part in self-destructive practices. This factor is fortify when Powell and associates (2001), as refered to in Lamis et al. 2009) discovered that high liquor drinking amount will makes a more prominent probability of a genuine self destruction endeavor. 318 members were enlisted and scarcely any estimating scale was utilized to foresee the outcome for this analysis. The outcome tells that downturn is indicator of liquor use in youthful grown-ups. Other than that, liquor use are adversely corresponded with body insurance and the outcomes recommends that people who are conceivably include in high-chance practices, for example, self destruction are typically from the person who tend to ensure themselves (Lamis et al. , 2010). Reference http://www.suicide.org/undergrad suicide.html Instructions to refer to Causes of Suicide Among College Students, Essay models Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-17652173437701884712020-07-17T12:01:00.001-07:002020-07-17T12:01:03.020-07:00Data Analyst Resume Examples, Template Resume Tips Data Analyst Resume Examples, Template Resume Tips With so much data being generated every second, its no wonder data analysts, people who can drive manipulate data so that they can get relevant conclusions out of it, are being wanted more and more on the job market.Social media, our phones and the internet, in general, are all creating millions of files of data every minute. Have you heard the saying Google knows you better than your own mother?Well, actually, its true.Google knows more about you your interests, where exactly do you spend your time, what you look at, what you like and what you dont like. How does Google know all of this? Based on data hes collected from you.Since in this day and age, peoples behavior can be explained through numbers and data files, marketing agencies are all about using this information to sell their product or service.Data analysts are not only useful for marketing, but they can also be useful for internal processes. Based on internal information about how employees behave in a certain company, a data analyst can come to conclusions about what their next step inside (or outside) of the company will be.So, we can see why data analysts are so valuable to companies and why would they want to hire them.Lucky for you, there arent a lot of good data analysts on the market yet, so if you become good at this you can really make a name of yourself fast!Whether you have experience working in this field or whether you are looking for your first opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge, this guide will help you write the perfect resume!We will cover how to create it in the right way, but we will also show some examples of doing it the wrong way, so you get a better idea of what is good and what isnt.Dont forget that if you want to create a perfect resume in less time, you can always use our resume builder.Lets dive into it!Senior Data Analyst Resume Example Right Data Analyst Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeGUIDE ON WRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTIONSince your resume is sort of like your identification card for a recruiter, its logical that the first part of it is the section about you. In the personal info section, you give all the relevant information about yourself.What do we mean by relevant information? Well, what we mean by that is that you should only give the info you think is necessary.For example, you dont have to give your Instagram or Facebook profiles, while you should always give your LinkedIn profile, since that is a professional social media, while Facebook and Instagram are private.Also, you shouldnt give a number or an e-mail you dont use regularly.The good news about this section is that you really cant go wrong while filling it out.Still, there are some mini mistakes which can happen, so we will cover them as well.Remember, if you want to create your resume without the hassle of creating a template or searching for one online, you can always use our resume templates.Full NameNo matter how obvious it might be for you what should be written here, some people dont find it that obvious that when writing your name, you shouldnt put puns or nicknames in it.Your resume should be professional with maybe a little fine humor, but never state your name in any other way than how it is in your ID and passport.Tom Pinkham RightTom Pinkham (yes, my last name does sound like food) WrongProfessionThe more specific your profession is, the better. It helps the recruiter know what youre good at immediately. So, our advice is that if you have something to put before data analyst, put it.Maybe youre a senior or a marketing data analyst. If you want to just stick with data analyst, that is fine too. Dont think about this part too much.PhotoFind a high-quality picture of yourself smiling and looking at the camera, preferably with a one-colored background.It helps the recruiter to connect your name with a picture.A resume without a picture is no t a complete resume, dont rely that they will go on your social media profile and look at your pictures there.Phone NumberIn this field, all you need to do is to write down the number of the phone where the recruiter can reach you.This is crucial. If the recruiter calls you for an interview and you dont pick up the phone or return their call, you will leave a very bad impression, which might cost you a job.Keep in mind that some people prefer talking on the phone instead of e-mailing you because this way is much faster and personal.AddressIn this part, you simply put down the current address youre living at. Dont put the address where you grew up but moved out from 2 months ago.For some positions and recruiters, your living location is very important because they might have to relocate you or provide you help with transportation by paying for public transport or possibly giving you a company car.E-Mail AddressYou will probably get further information about the selection process by e -mail.So, make sure to write your e-mail on your resume.Write the one you check daily or the one which youre going to start checking daily.But really, like not answering the phone, not answering to an e-mail (or even answering it after 24 hours) will leave a really bad taste. Make sure your e-mail sounds professional, dont put the ones which aretompinkham123@gmail.com Righttomstinkham@gmail.com WrongSocial Media ProfilesAlways link your social media profiles which youre comfortable sharing with people you dont know.We always advise people to put their LinkedIn profiles in their resume, because its a more detailed report on everything you did in the past work experience, education, projects, volunteering, etc.At this day and age, having a LinkedIn profile is absolutely mandatory.As for sharing other social media, its entirely up to you, since they are private.Keep in mind that the recruiter might look you up online and see what youve been doing, so just because you didnt link your profiles, it doesnt mean that they cant get it another way.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SUMMARY SECTIONIn the summary section, youre supposed to give a brief overview of your experience, your area of expertise, or your future ambitions if you dont have any experience in the field yet, and you are looking for your first opportunity. Lets look at a good summary and a bad summary and compare the two:SummaryA senior data analyst with over 10 years of experience in manipulating and interpreting data and successfully coming to solutions for over 30 businesses. Excellent knowledge in analytics, mathematics and statistics gives me the foundation for my work. In order to analyze data in the most effective ways, I use the best analytics tools and always try to have a great understanding of business operations. RightSummaryIve worked as a data analyst for over 10 years. I am very good at it, and I can help you grow your business. Im currently looking for new opportunities, so feel free to reach out! WrongIf we look at the Right example first, we notice that its much more specific. It tells the recruiter how long youve been working, what exactly you did and how you did it.On the other hand, the Wrong example is much less detailed and seems more like a sales message than a summary of your professional life.GUIDE ON WRITING THE EXPERIENCE SECTIONSince as a data analyst, you handle a lot of numbers, its best to use the experience section in quantitative information as well. So, whatever you can, quantify or put the exact metric.As for the responsibilities you had but cant quantify, just try to explain them as best you can. Right WrongNotice how the Wrong example has so few details about it and is not specific at all.All youre giving the recruiter is the time you spend in the company and which company it is. If he or she invites you the interview (which is very unlikely given the fact of how badly written your resume is), you will have to spend a lot of time explaining your previous work.At the Right example, we see much more details about your role, responsibilities and accomplishments. If you want help with creating your resume, feel free to check out our new online resume builder.Its very easy to use and will save you time as well!GUIDE ON WRITING THE EDUCATION SECTIONFormal education is very important for some companies and especially if you are applying to work for them as a data analyst. Only write down the last degree you have (high school and elementary school dont really give any information to the recruiter). Right WrongMake sure you put a couple of bullet points which give more detail about your time during studies, or additional courses and certificates.For this position, usually people are looking for someone who has very good theoretical knowledge in mathematics in statistics, so if your GPA is good, make sure you write it down here.If its not high and you dont put it, just be prepared to talk about it during the interview. Prepare a reason why your GPA is not high. For example, you could say that you found learning online better or that you focused more on working than studying.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SKILLS SECTIONWe always recommend the following sub-sections of the skills section: your profession skills, other skills and languages. In the first part, you put the skills which are relevant for someone who is a data analyst.This is definitely the most important sub-section, so put the most effort into it.Other skills are soft skills which are nice to have but not key for someone who is a da ta analyst. The languages sub-section is self-explanatory.Just make sure that you write on which level of knowledge you are with each language.Lets take a comparative look at the right and wrong example of the skills section: Right WrongNot only is the Wrong example poorly organized, but it also shows that you didnt put the effort in this part of the resume.As a recruiter, what would you think? If a candidate is not willing to put in the time and the effort to write a good resume, why would he or she be willing to put the time and the effort in the job that you give them?TIPS TRICKSFor the last part of this guide, weve prepared for you some final tips tricks.After reading this, you will definitely be more prepared than 90% of candidates to write a great resume!Some of these tips might seem like common sense to you, while for some, they might be revolutionary.Lets take a look:Include these main data analyst skills Regression, decision trees, knowledge in statistics and mathematics, IBM SPSS, Microsoft Excel, PowerPoint and Word, Tableau, Pivot tables, SQL (only put the ones which you have, dont write that you know something to do unless you really know how to do it)Include these main action verbs for a data analyst Analyze, consolidate, develop, install, interpret, generate, monitor, operate, perform, report, research, track and utilizeKeep the lists in a couple of bullet points Dont go overboard with explaining how you did something or explaining a process in full detail. Save the details for the interview and put your key duties and results in the resumeName your key accomplishments Every company is very interested in what results can you get them. To explain that its best to use examples from your previous work. For example, if your work contributed to a 15% cost reduction, write that in your resume, its an impressive achievement!Dont send your resume as a Word file format This is the worst format for a resume, but a lot of people do it anyways. Writing your resume in Word will only demonstrate that you lacked the effort to write it. To avoid this, use our online resume builder. Find a template which you like and fill out the information accordingly. This kind of resume will su rely leave a good impression!CONCLUSIONWe hope that by reading this guide, weve proven that writing a resume doesnt have to be a drag and a hard process. We hope that we proved that creating your resume can be an enjoyable creative process once you know what youre doing.Our online resume builder templates surely know what theyre doing, so if you want to create a resume for yourself fast and easy, make sure you check it out! Create your own resume Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-14515307135837635342020-05-21T16:45:00.001-07:002020-05-21T16:45:06.141-07:00Impact Of Technology In Fashion - 921 Words Technological advancement in regards to Fashion As technology continues to progress fashion evolves right alongside. Before the invention of the tv the way to spread different styles and outfits was through sketches and designs. By this means it would take extended amounts of time to spread ideas of fashion from one place to another. The influence of technology on the fashion industry cannot be overlooked. Fashion is being rapidly offered to consumers at an amazingly fast rate. Nowadays anybody can have anything they want within the reach of a button on a phone or computer screen, fashion is instantaneous. It used to be following style patterns included venturing to the far corners of the planet in a group of 10 to create aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Since social media is so easily accessible to everyone nowadays people dont care to go and grab the latest vogue for inspiration, they will go on their phones and check their instagram, twitter, Facebook or any social media account to see whats trending. In L2s Advanced IQ List, wh ich positions form brands as per their site offerings, online business, computerized advertising and web-based social networking mindfulness, US ladies dress planner Tory Burch beats understood worldwide extravagance brands, for example, Gucci, Hermes and Chanel. This shows the huge impact the influence of social media can have on the Fashion industry, the world is moving and progressing through social media and those who chose not to utilize this part of technology so widely used, are going to fall behind those who do. People who are very high up in social media have a very big platform to promote and influence others. Nowadays if you have a huge amount of followers you are practically famous with all eyes watching you. Fashion corporations want people who have this huge platform on social media to promote their styles due to the fact people are going to be strongly persuaded to want or to want to look like something if someone they keep up with on social media looks a certain way or wears a certain piece. Fashion trends from all over the world come to meet each other, merge, change and evolve through social media. The concept of the seeShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts of Fast Fashion and Technology on the Fashion Industry1431 Words à |à 6 Pages This essay will discuss Fast Fashion and the Impact of Technology. I will focus on the different levels of the market, the effect of fast fashion on fashion design, how copying effects high end designer brands and the impact of technology on the fashion industry. There are three different sectors in the fashion industry. These are Haute Couture, Prà ªt- à -Porter (Ready to Wear) and High Street (Mass Market.) There is a huge difference between the three sectorsRead MoreHow Will Technology Impact On The Future Of Fashion Objects?1726 Words à |à 7 PagesHow will technology impact on the future of fashion objects? Explore 2-3 examples. à Technology has become an important fashion accessory. 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The globalization ofRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1527 Words à |à 7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ââ¬ËGlobalizationââ¬â¢ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as ââ¬Å¾world fashionââ¬Å¸. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalization Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-21981753666706822502020-05-06T23:33:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:33:10.222-07:00Analysis Of Michael Gow Will Be The Road Not Taken By... Itââ¬â¢s known that everyone has their own way of understanding and developing into the concept of self-discovery through different types of ways this can include emotional, creative, intellectual, physical and spiritual. So, the question is, does self-discovery only work within an individual or can it be influenced by others around us? Morning, teachers and fellow class mates. My prescribed related text to away by Michael gow will be the road not taken by Robert frost. Away explores the concept of self-discovery and transformation through the characters as they change. By encountering a physical journey, it provides the character with new perspective on life and an understanding attitude away from the strenuous and monotonous activities.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The stage direction, ââ¬Å"Gwen and Jim embraceâ⬠shows her self-realization has also led to reconciliation between her and Jim, her husband. This emphasises the power of love combined with the power of nature whist in the environment of the beach. Through a valuable physical journey Gwen has been provided with an opportunity to broaden her perception of life. Similarly Coral, another protagonist, is depicted as experiencing emotional development as a result of her journey, to the Gold Coast. The literal journey parallels her metaphysical travels. Dialogue and character interaction reveal her suffering before her holiday. Due to Coralââ¬â¢s deep suffering from the tragic loss of her only son in the Vietnam War she has neglected to interact and connect with people. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re on your honeymoon, arenââ¬â¢t you?â⬠shows Coral has learnt to freely communicate with fellow travellers in orderly fashion whist on her holiday. Still Coral feels confined by her husbandââ¬â¢s threat of hospitalization so she escapes to a more natural environment. At the beach Coral meets Tom, a catalyst for her change. Their conversation got her ââ¬Å"back into the swim.â⬠This is emphasised by Coralââ¬â¢s participation in ââ¬Å"The Stranger on the Shore,â⬠where she reiterates her past, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m walkingâ⬠suggests she has accepted the true facts of reality. ââ¬Å"The light becomes bright, summery,â⬠this stage direction demonstrates Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-63335121360202889272020-05-06T08:11:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:11:18.809-07:00Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation Free Essays Introduction BACKGROUND OF MICROSOFT Microsoft is the most prominent technology corporation in the world that deals with computers according to posts from big history.net. ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ With annual revenues of more than $32 billion, Microsoft Corporation is more than the largest software company in the world: it is a cultural phenomenon. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The companyââ¬â¢s core business is based on developing, manufacturing, and licensing software products, including operating systems, server applications, business and consumer applications, and software development tools, as well as Internet software, technologies, and servicesââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢The name of the famous person ââ¬â Bill Gates comes in oneââ¬â¢s mind with mention of the name of Microsoft. He is the founder of the company and is believed to be the smartest programmers ever.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ http://www.bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/. Led by him, Microsoft had witnessed its heydays and has been able to have its product on almost every personal computer in the world, and in the process creating standards in the technology industry as well as market re-definition. ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢Gates was first exposed to computers at school in the late 1960s with his friend Paul Allen, the son of two Seattle librarians. By the time Gates was 14; the two friends were writing and testing computer programs for fun and profit. In 1972 they established their first company, Traf-O-Data, which sold a rudimentary computer that recorded and analyzed traffic data. Allen went on to study computer science at the University of Washington and then dropped out to work at Honeywell, while Gates enrolled at Harvard. Inspired in 1975 by an issue of Popular Electronics that showed the new Altair microcomputer kit just released by MITS Computer, Gates and Allen wrote a version of BASIC for the machine. Later that year Gates left college to work full time developing programming languages for the Altair, and he and Allen relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be near MITS Computer, where Allen took a position as director of software development. Gates and Allen named their partn ership Micro-softââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html. The word Microsoft was developed from two different words, micro from microcomputer and soft from software. The name was registered in New Mexico with the secretary of state in November 1976. On November 1978, the first international office of Microsoft was established in Japan and its name was ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). It is now known as Microsoft Japan. In January 1979 the companyââ¬â¢s headquarters was moved to Bellevue Washington. http://www.bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/. In the early 80ââ¬â¢s, Microsoft witnessed a period of great success when IBM contracted the company to develop an operating system for its personal computers (PC), which was underway. In the late 80ââ¬â¢s Microsoft issued IPOs (initial public offering) of over two million shares and in the space of one year the price or the shares tripled and in the process making Gates a billionaire at about thirty years of age. Nonetheless, the company had lots of critics and legal cases against it from competitors and the likes. Microsoft success was further heightened by the tech bubble of the 2000 following the release of the windows XP, windows 2000,the acquisition of Visio corporation which stood as the largest acquisition in the life of Microsoft so far with transaction value of about One and half a billion dollars. The company also spread its tentacles into the world of gaming with their popularly known X-BOX which has remained a success till date. DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFTââ¬â¢ PERFORMANCE OVERTIME Key Dates: 1975: Microsoft is founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen; they sell BASIC, the first PC computer language program to MITS Computer, Microsoftââ¬â¢s first customer. 1981: Microsoft, Inc. is incorporated; IBM uses Microsoftââ¬â¢s 16-bit operating system for its first personal computer. 1982: Microsoft, U.K., Ltd. is incorporated. 1983: Paul Allen resigns as executive vice-president but remains on the board; Jon Shirley is made president of Microsoft (he later becomes CEO); Microsoft introduces the Microsoft Mouse and Word for MS-DOS 1.00. 1985: Microsoft and IBM forge a joint development agreement. 1986: Microsoft stock goes public at $21 per share. 1987: The Companyââ¬â¢s first CD-ROM application, Microsoft Bookshelf, is released. 1990: Jon Shirley retires as president and CEO; Michael R. Hallman is promoted in Shirleyââ¬â¢s place; the company becomes the first PC software firm to surpass $1 billion of sales in a single year. 1992: Bill Gates is awarded the National Medal of Technology for Technological Achievement. 1993: The Company introduces Windows NT. 1995: Bill Gates publishes his first book, The Road Ahead. 1996: The Company acquires Vermeer Technologies and its software application, FrontPage. 1997: The Justice Department alleges that Microsoft violated a 1994 consent decree concerning licensing the Windows operating system to computer manufacturers. 1998: The U.S. Department of Justice files two antitrust cases against Microsoft, alleging the company had violated the Sherman Act. 2000: The Company acquires Visio Corporation, its largest acquisition to date. 2001: Microsoft Windows XP is released internationally. 2003: Microsoft launches Windows Server 2003. 2007: Microsoft launches Windows vista 2009: Microsoft launches windows 7 Source: http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html Balance sheet for Microsoft Corporation as at 30th June 2011. (Annually) Assets [+]in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Cash and Equivalents5,505 6,076 10,339 6,111 6,714 Restrictable Cashââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Marketable Securities31,283 25,371 13,323 17,300 27,447 Accounts Receivable13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Loans Receivableââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Other Receivablesââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Receivables13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Inventories, Raw Materials172 170 417 435 465 Inventories, Work in Progress16 45 31 148 ââ¬â Inventories, Purchased Componentsââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Inventories, Finished Goods552 502 537 544 1,013 Inventories, Otherââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Inventories, Adjustments Allowancesââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Inventories740 717 985 1,127 1,478 Prepaid Expensesââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Current Deferred Income Taxes2,184 2,213 2,017 1,899 1,940 Other Current Assets2,950 3,711 2,989 2,393 2,115 Total Current Assets55,676 49,280 43,242 40,168 49,010 Land and Improvements526 526 518 428 362 Buildings and Improvement8,187 7,824 6,030 4,247 3,146 Machinery, Furniture and Equipment7,546 6,732 5,996 4,691 3,715 Construction in Progressââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Fixed Assets, Otherââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Fixed Assets, Total16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Gross Fixed Assets16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Accumulated Depreciation(8,629) (7,547) (6,302) (5,016) (4,179) Net Fixed Assets7,630 7,535 6,242 4,350 3,044 Intangibles1,158 1,759 1,973 878 539 Cost in Excess12,394 12,503 12,108 4,760 3,866 Non-Current Deferred Income Taxesââ¬â 279 949 1,389 2,611 Other Non-Current Assets9,255 6,532 8,279 11,626 10,527 Total Non-Current Assets30,437 28,608 29,551 23,003 20,587 Total Assets86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69,597 Liabilities [+]in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Accounts Payable4,207 5,008 4,034 3,247 2,909 Short Term Debt1,000 2,000 ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Notes Payableââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Accrued Expensesââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Accrued Liabilities3,283 3,156 2,934 2,325 1,938 Deferred Revenues13,652 13,003 13,397 10,779 9,138 Current Deferred Income Taxesââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â 1,557 Other Current Liabilities4,005 3,867 9,521 7,403 6,900 Total Current Liabilities26,147 27,034 29,886 23,754 22,442 Long Term Debt4,939 3,746 ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Deferred Income Tax229 ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Other Non-Current Liabilities8,623 7,550 6,621 8,320 7,051 Minority Interestââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Capital Lease Obligationsââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trustââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Preferred Equity Outside Shareholdersââ¬â¢ Equityââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Total Non-Current Liabilities13,791 11,296 6,621 8,320 7,051 Total Liabilities39,938 38,330 36,507 32,074 29,493 Preferred Shareholderââ¬â¢s Equityââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Common Shareholderââ¬â¢s Equity46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Common Par62,856 62,382 62,849 ââ¬â ââ¬â Additional Paid in Capitalââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â 60,557 59,005 Cumulative Translation Adjustmentsââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â 149 ââ¬â Retained Earnings(16,681) (22,824) (26,563) (31,114) (20,130) Treasury Stockââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Other Equity Adjustmentsââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â 1,505 1,229 Total Capitalization51,114 43,304 36,286 31,097 40,104 Total Equity46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Total Liabilities Shareholderââ¬â¢s Equity86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69 Closing price =$25.51 Volume sold =25.16m Source:http://www.answers.com/main/dsdata?dsid=2940templateid=0cid=27590212qm_page=30703. [Accessed 4 April 2011]. With more descriptive statistics, we can also examine the performance of Microsoft on a monthly basis from the year 1988- 2009 using returns (unit%) See excel for descriptive statistics. Microsoft return (unit %) Market return (unit %) Mean0.021622876 Mean0.857870722 Standard Error0.00618845 Standard Error0.269942879 Median0.022084196 Median1.41 Mode0.064221396 Mode1.78 Standard Deviation0.100359793 Standard Deviation4.377737838 Sample Variance0.010072088 Sample Variance19.16458858 Kurtosis1.421423202 Kurtosis1.709578314 Skewness0.366537791 Skewness-0.812673531 Range0.751310392 Range29.51 Minimum-0.343529412 Minimum-18.46 Maximum0.40778098 Maximum11.05 Sum5.686816298 Sum225.62 Count263 Count263 From the descriptive statistics above, Microsoft has a positive skewness unlike the market whose skewness is negative, this indicates that Microsoft has a better flow or return than the market. It could also be noted that Microsoft is (1) standard deviation away from its mean whereas the market is (4) standard deviation away from its mean, this means that the returns of Microsoft had not been too volatile over the years and return on stocks are less risky. COMPARISON OF MOCROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH SP 500 (MARKET) USING T-TEST See t-test on Excel H0: Microsoft did not outperform the market H1: Microsoft outperformed the market t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means Variable 1 Variable 2 Mean0.021622876 0.857870722 Variance0.010072088 19.16458858 Observations263 263 Pearson Correlation0.539530773 Hypothesized Mean Difference0 df262 t Stat-3.136067434 P(T=t) one-tail0.000953757 t Critical one-tail1.650690284 P(T=t) two-tail0.001907515 t Critical two-tail1.969059657 Conclusion: From the t-Test above, since the t-stats is greater in value than the t -critical (irrespective of the -ve sign), we need to accept the alternative hypothesis (H1) which says that Microsoft outperformed the market and reject the Null hypothesis (H0) which says that Microsoft did not outperform the market. We can also infer this conclusion by looking at the P- value, here we can see that the p- value is less than the significance level of .05, therefore we need to accept the alternative hypothesis (H1). ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH CAPM Regression Statistics Multiple R0.258985259 R Square0.067073365 Adjusted R Square0.063498933 Standard Error0.185690508 Observations263 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression1 0.647027164 0.647027164 18.764764 2.11102E-05 Residual261 8.999531777 0.034480965 Total262 9.646558942 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept-0.32415329 0.011530623 -28.1123831 6.17385E-81 -0.346858177 -0.30145 -0.34686 -0.30145 X Variable 10.011371441 0.002625088 4.331831484 2.11102E-05 0.006202393 0.01654 0.006202 0.01654 CAPM :- E(R)=RF+?[RM-RF] By substituting the CAPM formula into the regression, we have Y= ?+?x+e Y = dependent variable ? = intercept ? = co-efficient of independent variable e =error When x=0, ? is an estimate of Y, then excess return of Microsoft would be given as: Excess return= -0.32415329+0.011371441+0.185690508 Adjusted R Square = 0.063498933 The adjusted R Square indicates that 6.3% of the variability in the excess return of Microsoft is explained by the market. I.e. for every percentage change of return in the market, Microsoftââ¬â¢s return changes by 6.3%. BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews, Paul. How the Web Was Won: Microsoft from Windows to the Web: The Inside Story of How Bill Gates and His Band of Internet Idealists Transformed a Software Empire. New York: Random House, 1999. Consuming, Michael A., Microsoft Secrets: How the Worldââ¬â¢s Most Powerful Software Company Creates Technology, Shapes Markets, and Manages People, New York: Free Press, 1995, 512 p. Desmond, Edward W., ââ¬Å"Microsoftââ¬â¢s Big Bet on Small Machines,â⬠Fortune, July 20, 1998, pp. 86-90. ââ¬Å"EU, Microsoft Clash Over Monopoly Ruling,â⬠Associated Press, April 29, 2004. Evers, Joris, ââ¬Å"Ballmer: Windows Server 2003 Does More with Less,â⬠IDG News Service (San Francisco Bureau). France, Mike, ââ¬Å"Microsoft: The View at Halftime,â⬠Business Week, January 25, 1999, p. 78. Hamm, Steve, ââ¬Å"No Letupââ¬âAnd No Apologies: Antitrust Scrutiny Hasnââ¬â¢t Eased Microsoftââ¬â¢s Competitiveness,â⬠Business Week, October 26, 1998, p. 58. Higgins, David, ââ¬Å"The Man Who Owns the Future,â⬠Sydney Morning Herald, March 14, 1998, p. 1. Iceboat, Daniel, and Susan L. Knepper, The Making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the Worldââ¬â¢s Most Successful Software Company, Rocklin, Calif.: Prima Publishing, 1991, 304 p. Ichbiah, Daniel, and Susan L. Knepper. The Making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the Worldââ¬â¢s Most Successful Software Company. New York: St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 1991. Isaacson, Walter, ââ¬Å"In Search of the Real Bill Gates,â⬠Time Magazine, January 13, 1997, pp. 44+. Kirkpatrick, David, ââ¬Å"He Wants All Your Businessââ¬âAnd Heââ¬â¢s Starting to Get It,â⬠Fortune, May 26, 1997, pp. 58+. Kirkpatrick, David, ââ¬Å"Microsoft: Is Your Company Its Next Meal?,â⬠Fortune, April 27, 1998, pp. 92-102. Krantz, Michael, ââ¬Å"If You Canââ¬â¢t Beat ââ¬ËEm â⬠¦ Will Bill Gatesââ¬â¢ Bailout Save Appleââ¬âOr Just Strengthen Microsoftââ¬â¢s Hand in the Web Wars?,â⬠Time Magazine, August 18, 1997, pp. 35+. Manes, Stephen, and Paul Andrews, Gates: How Microsoftââ¬â¢s Mogul Reinvented an Industryââ¬âAnd Made Himself the Richest Man in America, New York: Doubleday, 1993. Mardesich, Jodi, ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s Weighing Down Microsoft?,â⬠Fortune, January 11, 1999, pp. 147-48. McKenzie, Richard B., Trust on Trial: How the Microsoft Case Is Reframing the Rules of Competition, Perseus Publishing, 2000. Microsoft Corporation. Inside Out: Microsoftââ¬âIn Our Own Words. New York: Warner Books, 2000. Moody, Fred, I Sing the Body Electronic: A Year with Microsoft on the Multimedia Frontier, New York: Viking, 1995, 311 p. Nocera, Joseph, ââ¬Å"High Noon,â⬠Fortune, November 23, 1998, pp. 162+. Pollock, Andrew, ââ¬Å"Media; Microsoft Makes Another Interactive TV Investment,â⬠New York Times, January 24, 2000. Schlender, Brent, ââ¬Å"What Bill Gates Really Wants,â⬠Fortune, January 16, 1995, pp. 34+. Stross, Randall E., The Microsoft Way: The Real Story of How the Company Outsmarts Its Competition, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1996, 318 p. Wallace, James, and Jim Erickson, Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire, New York: Wiley, 1992, 426 p. Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol.63. St. James Press, 2004. http://www.answers.com/topic/microsoft#ixzz1Ia9E8U5d http://www.answers.com/main/dsdata?dsid=2940templateid=0cid=27590212qm_page=30703 http://www.bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/ http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation- Company-History.html How to cite Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation, Essay examples Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-24414258533365978212020-04-25T14:27:00.001-07:002020-04-25T14:27:04.300-07:00Customer Satisfaction in the Practices in the Hotels/Inns and Resorts Essay ExampleCustomer Satisfaction in the Practices in the Hotels/Inns and Resorts Paper CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON THE PRACTICES OF THE HOTELS/INNS AND RESORTS IN THE FIRST DISTRICT OF ILOCOS SUR A Thesis Proposal Presented to The Faculty of Graduate School University of Northern Philippines Vigan City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Business Administration By: VIVENCIO C. PERALTA JR. 2011-2012 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM Introduction Throughout history, people have always travelled, whether it is to conquer worlds, discover new places, for business pleasure. This need of man has consequently led to the development of accommodation. Travelling is a significant part of the tourism industry worldwide and its employees play a key role in delivering the service product, its customers. All of the service businesses are trying their best to improve their service quality in order to make customers satisfied with their services, especially the hospitality industry. Inns are the outgrowth of manââ¬â¢s desire to travel for pleasure or for business. When man had to travel, he felt a great need for dining and lodging out of his own home and town (chauhan, 1981). Hotels/Inns and Resorts are provide room accommodation, food and beverages and recreational facilities. Hotels/Inns and Resorts have been established in the different parts of the country especially in cities and some major towns Today, in Ilocos Sur the potential growth and industrialization and its program to promote local and foreign tourism led to the growth of the hotels/inns and resorts that are serving the province. We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Satisfaction in the Practices in the Hotels/Inns and Resorts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Satisfaction in the Practices in the Hotels/Inns and Resorts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Satisfaction in the Practices in the Hotels/Inns and Resorts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At present, they were continues the greater number of tourist due to the beautification of our natural resources that gives the real essence of life of the Ilocanoââ¬â¢s and preserved the rich/cultural heritage like the ancestral house that depicts the historical landmark of the country, being a surviving colonial provinces during the Spanish regime. Locals and experts describe that the Ilocos Sur as a place like no other because of its uniqueness his in its historical townscape for which it is an architectural blend of Asian, European and Latin American influences. At present, Hotels/Inns and Resorts in Ilocos Sur have increased their competition and now instead of having only a nice room to draw customer in, they offer-high quality staff as an amenity as well. Guest satisfaction is the highest priority for the owners and managers competing with hundreds of others, and personal service is at the top of the travelers and list of the most important things when considering a hotels/inns and resorts to stay in (Wipoosattaya, 2001). In the hotels/inns and resorts, the personnel are ranging from the top management (i. e housekeeping, restaurant, front office and kitchen). The personnel are considered a supporting factor in determining customer satisfaction when deciding to return, to recommend the hotels/inns and resorts, or in demonstrating loyalty to a particular hotels/inn and resorts (Kandampully and Suhartanto, 2000). In addition, Watt (2007), stated that the important function of the hotels/inn and resorts is the front office because customer deals with it as a the center of the hotels/inns and resorts. They provide assistance to guest, fulfil their needs, and meet their wants. The study of Suwannakun and Siriteerajad (2002) emphasized that the aspects of practices regarding the level of customer satisfaction. As mention above, Service quality was determined as the subjective comparison that customer make between their expectation about the service and the perception of the way the service has been run. Parasuraman et. Al (1985) defined service quality as function of the differences between expectations and performance along ten major dimensions. In later research, Parasuraman et. Al (1988) revised and defined the service quality in terms of five dimension; Tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. For example, Min and Min (1997) presented the idea hat hotels/inns and resorts services have attributes that are considered most important particularly in forming the following impression of service quality such as; quality; tangibility; In the Mauritius Hotels (Juwaheer and Ross, 2003), assurance factors and such as security and safety of guest determined by the first , secondly; reliability factors and such as hotels perform task that have been promised to guest on reso lving problems encountered by the guests. Juwaheer and Ross found that by focusing on these factors, hotels in Mauritius would be able to achieve high levels of satisfaction. As Reisig and Chandek (2001) discussed the expectation is formed in order to identify the factors of service satisfaction, based on their knowledge of a product or service. This can be implied that a customer may estimate what the service performance will be or may think what the performance ought to be. If the service performance meets or exceeds customersââ¬â¢ expectation, the customers are more likely to be dissatisfied. On the other hand, customers are more likely if the service performance is less than what they have expected. As mentioned earlier, a greater number of satisfied customers will make the hotels/inns and resorts business more successful and more profitable. Statement of the Problem This study will aim to determine the level of customer satisfaction on the practices of the hotels/ inns and resorts of the first district of Ilocos Sur. Specifically, it will seek to answer for the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the hotels/inns and resorts with the aforementioned business related factors in terms of the following variables; a. Type of ownership b. Number of rooms . Number of Employees d. Capital e. Years of existence f. Service offered 2. What is the level of customers satisfaction with the aforementioned practices of the hotels/inns and resorts in terms of the following: a. Tangibility b. Reliability c. Responsiveness d. Assurance e. Empathy 3. Is there a significant relationship between the profiles of the hotels/inns and resorts with the aforementioned business related factors an d the level of customer satisfaction with the aforementioned marketing practices of the hotels/inns and resorts? . What are the problems issues encountered by the hotels/inns and resorts? Scope and Delimitation The study focused on the Level of Customer Satisfaction on the Practices applied and adopted by the Hotels/Inns and Resorts on the first district of Ilocos Sur as perceived by the owners/managers. This practice was limited to the level of customer satisfaction in the aforementioned marketing practices of hotels/ inns and resorts on the first district of Ilocos Sur in terms of the following: tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, empathy. Twenty-Six (26) hotels/inns and resorts constituted in the study which 41 owners/managers were taken as respondents. Purposive sampling for the customer respondents was taken which consists of 318 customers to evaluate the level of customer satisfaction on the practices of the hotels and resorts only the customers who checked-in in the hotels/inns and resorts during the data gathering period comprised the customers respondent. The data analysis was limited only to the use of the following statistical tools: frequency and percentages, mean and chi square. Theoretical Framework The researcher will be guided by the following concepts and studies that provided relevant ideas that will be in this study. On Customer Satisfaction In a business organization it is their primarily concerned in satisfying customers. The existence of one business establishment will also depend on how the costumers are satisfied with the products / services offered to them. To completely satisfy customers needs and wants the management should look the variety of their products, its quality, the ffordability and the benefits derived from the products / services offered. Most researcher agree that satisfaction is an attitude or evaluation that is formed by the customer comparing their pre-purchase expectation of what they would receive from the product to their subjective perceptions of the performance they actually did receive (Oliver, 1980). As Kotler (2,000, p. 36) defined that satisfaction is a personââ¬â¢s feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting fr om comparing a products perceived performance (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectation. Additionally, Yi (1990) also stated that customer satisfaction is a collective outcome of perception, evaluation and psychological reactions to the consumption experience with a product / service. In conclusion, customer satisfaction is defined as a result of customerââ¬â¢s evaluation to the consumption experience with the services. However, the customers have different levels of satisfaction as they have different attitudes and perceived performance from the product / service. Customer satisfaction is an important topic for both researchers and managers, because a high level of customer satisfaction leads to an increase in repeat patronage among current customers and aids customer recruitment by enhancing an organization marker reputation. Being able to successfully judge customerââ¬â¢s satisfaction levels and to apply that knowledge are critical starting points to establishing and maintaining long term customer retention and long term competitiveness (Yuskel and Yuskel, 2002). Customer satisfaction brings many benefits. Satisfaction is an ââ¬Å"overall customer attitude towards a service providerâ⬠, or an emotional reaction to the difference between what customers anticipate and what they receive ( Zineldrin, 2000), regarding the fulfilment of some need, goal or desire. Kano, Bentler and Li-tze (1984) developed a model to categorize the attributes of a product or service based on how well they are able to satisfy customer needs. Considering Kanoââ¬â¢s Model, are sees how it may not be enough to merely satisfy customer by meeting only their basic and performance needs. Customer satisfaction refers to either a discrete, time-limited event or the entire time the service is experienced. Service-encounter satisfaction is how much a customer likes or dislikes an actual service encounter. Overall service satisfaction is the customers feeling of satisfaction/dissatisfaction based on all the customers experiences with the service organization. 1994) found the two satisfaction constructs differed from each other and from service quality. In a highly competitive marketplace, organizations needs to adopt strategies and to create product attributes targeted specifically at exciting customerââ¬â¢s and over ââ¬â satisfying them ( Tan and Panitra, 2001). In real estate to excite or over satisfy customers, an agent would need to have a through and want knowledge of all listing in the local area. It is also the people in direct contact with customer who determine who the retained and satisfied customers are, and their experience determines how they treat the customers (Hansemark and Albinson, 2004), thus impacting on the service quality delivered. Lewis and Mitchell (1990) define service quality as they extent to which a service meets customerââ¬â¢s need and expectation. On Service Quality Service quality is the rivet of the comparison that customerââ¬â¢s make between their expectation about a service and their perception of the way the service has been performed (Germoso, 1984; Parasuraman et a1. 1980-1988. ) define it, as the difference between customerââ¬â¢s expectation of services and their perceived service. Benny, Parasuraman and Zeithaml (1985) write a service quality as perceived by consumers stems from a comparison of what they feel service firms should offer (i. e. from their expectations) with their perception of the performance of the firm providing the s ervice. If the expectation is greater than the service performance, perceived quality is less than satisfactory and hence, customer dissatisfaction occurs. Lewis and Mitchell (1990). Service quality refers to customers appraisals of the service core, the provider, or the entire service organization. According to andà (1985), perceived quality is a global judgment relating to the superiority of a product. However, defining service quality as a measure of excellence in terms of perceptions is not sufficient according toà (1988). He states that it is obvious that understanding customer expectations and meeting customer needs is the single most critical issue and determinant of service quality ( 1988). In addition,à (1989) andà (1983) defined both service quality and customer satisfaction as matching the expectation of the service with that which is actually experienced by the customer. Therefore, when customers experiences meet or exceed their expectations, the service is viewed as a quality service and the recipients are typically satisfied customers. On the other hand, when the service experienced by consumers is less than their expectations, the perception of service quality is diminished and customers are generally not satisfied. However, (1996b) in their book Services Marketing stated that the concept of service quality is different from the concept of customer satisfaction. According to, service quality is only one of the variables determining customer satisfaction. Besides service quality, there are other variables affecting the level of customer satisfaction, namely: price, situation, and personal factors. Dotchin and Oakland (1994), and Avubonteng et a1. (1996) define service quality and the extent to which a service meets customerââ¬â¢s need and expectation. On Customer Expectation In this part, the definition of Customerââ¬â¢s expectation and Discrimination theory are revealed. In addition, the significance of Customerââ¬â¢s expectation which has influenced customerââ¬â¢s satisfaction in discussed. Daviddon and Uttal (1989) proposed that customerââ¬â¢s expectation is formed by many uncontrollable factors which include previous experience with other companies, and their advertising, customerââ¬â¢s psychological condition at the same of service delivery, customer background and values and the images of the purchased product. In addition Zeithaml et al. (1990) stated that customer service expectation related to different levels of satisfaction. It may based on previous product experiences, learning from advertisement and Word-of-Mouth Communications. Moreover, these expectations are likely to be based, in total or in part, on past relevant experiences, including those gathered vicariously (1989). (1990) identify some specific factors which can influence the consumers expectations. These are: word of mouth communications (what consumers hear from other consumers); personal needs (determined by individual characteristics and circumstances); past experience of a service (or a related service); external communications from the service provider (for example, printed advertisements, television commercials, brochures, and oral promises from service provider employees); and price. Customer expectation is what the customer wish to receive from the diversity f expectation definition can be concluded that expectation is uncontrollable factors which including past experiences, advertising, customers perception at the time or purchase, background, attitude and product image. Furthermore, the influence of customerââ¬â¢s expectation is pre-purchase belief, word of mouth, communications, individual needs, customer experiences, and other personal attitudes. Different customers have different expectations based on the customerââ¬â¢s knowledge by a product service. The Ser vqual Approach The Servqual approach has been applied in service and retailing organizations (Parasuraman et al. 1988; Parasuraman et. al. , 1991). Service quality is a function of pre-purchase customerââ¬â¢s expectation, perceived process quality, and perceived output quality. Parasuraman et. al (1988) define service quality as the gap between customerââ¬â¢s expectation of service and their perception of the service experience. Based on Parasuraman et al. (1988) conceptualization of service quality, the original servqual instrument included 22 items. The data on the 22 attributes were grouped into five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Numerous studies have attempt to apply the SERVQUAL. This is because it has generic service applications and is a practical approach to the area. This instrument has been made to measure service quality in a variety of services such as hospitals (Babalure and Glymn 1992), hotels(Salen and Rylan 1991), travel and tourism(Fick and Ritchies 1991), a telephone Company, two insurance companies and two researcher uses SERVQUAL approach as an instrument to explore customerââ¬â¢s expectations and perception levels of service quality towards the hotel and resorts. The Servqual Dimension Previously, Parasuraman et al. (1985) identify ten determinants for measuring service quality which are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, communication, access, competence, courtesy, credibility, security and understanding knowledge of customers. Later these ten dimensions were further purified and developed into five dimensions i. e. Tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy to measure service quality, servqual (Parasuraman et al. 1988). These five dimension identified as follows: 1. Tangibility ââ¬â the physical evidence of the Hotel/Inns and Resorts staff is including a personality and appearance of personnel, tools, and equipment used to provide the service. For example, some hotel chains (e. g Hilton, Mandarin, Sheraton, and Hyatt) consciously ensure that their properties are conformed to global standards of facilities wherever they are located (Nankervis, 1995). However, the researcher, in this study, is forming on how well-dresses the Hotel/Inns and Resorts personnel are. 2. Reliability ââ¬â the ability involves to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. It includes ââ¬Å"Doing it right the first time,â⬠which is one of the most important service components for customers. Reliability also extends to provide services when promised and maintain error-free seconds. The following examples present the reliability factor. Example 1: The staffs perform tasks that have been promised to guest and resolve problems encountered by guests. Example 2: The Customers are sensitive to issue such as the telephone being packed-up within five rings and their reservation being correct. 3. Responsiveness ââ¬â the Hotels/Inns and Resorts are willing to help customers and provide prompt service to customers such as quick service, professionalism in handling and recovering from mistakes. It has been said that ââ¬Å"Today luxury is timeâ⬠. Consequently, service providersââ¬â¢ ability to provide services in timely manner is a critical component of service quality for many guests. The examples of responsiveness are as follows: Example 1: The staff is asking for customers, name, address, post code and Telephone number during the telephone booking. Example 2: The customers are asked to guarantee their booking, the different rates that they are offered and which ones they accept. Example 3: The customers are offered alternative accommodation at a sister hotel and how efficiently that is arranged and reservation cards being ready to sign upon arrival. 4. Assurance refers to the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence including competence, courtesy, credibility and security. A. Competence means possession of the required skills and knowledge to perform the services. It involves knowledge and skill of the contact personnel, knowledge and skill of operational support personnel, research capability of the organization. B. Courtesy involves politeness, respect, consideration, and friendliness of contact personnel. C. Credibility involves trust worthiness, believability, honesty; it involves having the customerââ¬â¢s best interest at heart. Contributing to credibility is company reputations, personal characteristics of the contact personnel. The degree of hard sell involved in interaction with the customer. D. Security refers to the freedom from danger, risk or doubt. It involves physical safety, financial security and confidentiality. Below are some examples: Example 1: The guests expect to feel safe during their stay at hotel from the staff. Example 2: The staff can handle effectively complaints and problems from the guests. 5. Empathy refers to the provision of caring and individualized attention to customers including access, communication and understanding the customers. A. Access involves approach, ability and ease of contact. It means the service is easily accessible by telephone, waiting time to receive service is not extensive, hours of operation are convenient and location of service facility is convenient. B. Communication means keeping customers informed in language they can understand. It means listening to customers, adjusting its language for different consumers and speaking simply and plainly with a novice. It also involves explaining the service itself, explaining how much the service will cost, and assuring the customer that a problem will be handled. C. Understanding the customers means making the effort to understand the customerââ¬â¢s need. It includes learning the customerââ¬â¢s specific requirements, providing individualized attention, recognizing the regular custom. For example: Example 1: The staff acknowledge the presence of customers at the reception and with a verbal greeting. Example 2: The staff are keeping eye contact, using customers, names and asking customers to return their key upon departure. It is clear from the above results that customers like to be given enough individualized attention and treated with care. It thus allows the customers to easily approach and spell out their needs regarding the service being provided. The importance of empathy may be the root of the statement, . If one looks at who is winning, it tends to be companies that see the guest as an individual1. Due to guests, desires that staff see things from their point of view, the hotel staff are piloting an empathy training program intended to help employees relate to their guests in a more empathic manner. In conclusion, SERVQUAL instrument is an invaluable tool for organizations to better understand what customersââ¬â¢ value and how well their current organizations are meeting the needs and expectations of customers. SERVQUAL provides a benchmark based on customer opinions of an excellent company, on your company, on the importance ranking of key attributes, and on a comparison to what your employees believe customers feel. The SERVQUAL instrument can also be applied to the front office staff of a hotel, and in this case, other major gaps could be closed in the service quality gaps model. Disconfirmation Theory In marketing literature (Churchill and Surprenant, 1982; Oliver,1980) as well as in recent information system studies (McKinney et al. , 2002), the disconfirmation theory emerges as the primary foundation for satisfaction models. According to this theory, satisfaction is determined by the discrepancy between perceived performance and cognitive standards such as expectation and desires (Khalifa and Liu, 2003). Customers expectation can be defined as customersââ¬â¢ partial beliefs about a product (McKinney, Yoon and Zahedi, 2002). Expectations are viewed as predictions made by consumers about what is likely to happen during impending transaction or exchange (Zeithmal and Berry,1988). Perceived performance is defined as customersââ¬â¢ perception of how product performance fulfills their needs, wants and desire (Cadotte et al. 1987). Perceived quality is the consumersââ¬â¢ judgment about an entities overall excellence or superiority (Zeithmal, 1988). Disconfirmation is defined as consumer subjective judgments resulting from comparing their expectations and their perceptions of performance received (McKinney et al. , 2002, Spreng et al. , 1996). Disconfirmation theory was declared that satisfaction is mai nly defined by the gap between perceived performance, expectations and desires which is a promising approach to explain satisfaction. This theory was proposed that satisfaction is affected by the intensity (or size) and direction (positive or negative) of the gap (disconfirmation) between expectations and perceived performance (Figure 2) Figure 2 Expectation disconfirmation theory Khalifa and Liu (2003) Expectation disconfirmation occurs in three forms: 1) Positive disconfirmation: occurs when perceived performance exceeds expectations. 2) Confirmation: occurs when perceived performance meets expectations. 3) Negative disconfirmation: occurs when perceived performance does not meet and is less than the expectations. It is more probable for customers to be satisfied if the service performance meets (confirmation) or exceeds (positive disconfirmation) their expectations. On the contrary, customers are more likely to be dissatisfied if the service performance is less than what they expected (negative disconfirmation). Khalifa Liu (2003) discussed that taking expectation disconfirmation as the only determinant of satisfaction; this theory does not cause the fact that if high expectations are confirmed, it would much more lead to satisfaction than confirmation of low expectations. To resolve this drawback perceived performance is included as an additional determinant of satisfaction. In other words the only way to ensure satisfaction is to empirically create disconfirmation by manipulating expectations and performance. Related Studies Many previous researchers have studied customer satisfaction towards service quality in service businesses such as spa, tourism, and hotel. Kitisuda (2006) studied a survey of customer satisfaction with spa services at Sivalai Spa. Both first-time and repeated customers were satisfied with the spa services on a high level. They were satisfied with the following service dimensions: responsiveness, empathy, reliability, assurance, and tangibility of the service quality at Sivalai Spa. Most customers agreed that the location of the spa was the most important factor for the spa. They suggested that the food and beverage facilities should be improved. Moreover, the study showed that there were four demographic factors that influenced the service quality at Sivalai Spa which were gender, age, nationality, and Income. Markovic (2004) studied service quality measurement in the Croatian Hotel Industry. She showed that a SERVQUAL instrument is a useful and reliable method to measure service quality of Croations hotels, for managers to identify differences in terms of expectations and perceptions. This method will lead to a better allocation of resources and a more effective design of marketing strategies, such as communications mix and pricing components, to ensure a proper level of service quality in hotels. Phenphun (2003) studied International tourist, satisfaction with the quality of service in accommodation in Thailand and the factors related to satisfaction, problems and the requirements of international tourists. The research revealed the satisfaction of international tourists towards quality of service was at a high level. However, the most common problems were lack of employeesââ¬â¢ knowledge and English skill, therefore, tourists suggested language and convenient facility improvement. Therefore, Government Policy suggests that the TAT and related organizations should create and develop a curriculum and training. Accordingly, they also have to focus on language skills. In the 2001 study tour of Taiwan, Yu (2001) indicated that it might be possible to create service quality evaluations that are more accurate instruments for measuring the quality of service in the various service sectors, as Crompton et al. ,(1991) suggested. For the best indicators of service quality in the tourism sector, the touristââ¬â¢s experience might be the key indicator for evaluating tourism quality because the tourism industry is essential people serving people. Therefore, Otto and Ritchie (1996) stated that future studies of tourism quality should evaluate the touristââ¬â¢s experience, instead of the five dimensions used in previous evaluation tools. All of these previous studies used the SERVQUAL approach to measure service quality in hotel and other service industries. This study will explore customers, expectation and perception levels towards service quality which is focusing on the front office staff at the hotel. Conceptual Framework The paradigm presents the research problem in a more comprehensible manner. It is conceptualized that the dependent variables which is the level of customer satisfaction practices that can affected by independent variables which is the profiles of the hotels/inns and resorts of the first district of Ilocos Sur. This study therefore, is guided by the research paradigm shown in the figured 1. Independent VariablesDependent Variables Figure 1. Research Paradigm In the figure 1. It is hypothesizes that the level of customer satisfaction practices along tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy dependent on the type of ownership, capital, number of employees, years of existence, number of rooms. Meanwhile, the problem encountered by the hotels/inns and resorts Operational Definition of Terms Customer satisfaction. is the result of customers evaluation to the consumption experience with the services. Service quality. means the difference between the customerââ¬â¢s expectation of service and their perceived service. Tangibility. The physical evidence of the hotels/inns and resorts staff including a personality and appearance of personnelââ¬â¢s, tools and equipment use to provide the service. Reliability. The ability involves performing the promised service dependably and accurately. It includes ââ¬Å"Doing it right the first time,â⬠which is one of the most important services components for customers. Responsiveness. The Hotels/Inns and Resorts are willing to help customers and provide prompt service to customers such as quick service, professionalism in handling and recovering from mistakes. It has been said that ââ¬Å"Today luxury is timeâ⬠. Assurance. Refers to the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence including competence, courtesy, credibility and security Empathy. Refers to the provision of caring and individualized attention to customers including access, communication and understanding the customers. Business Related Factors. It is a term used to show the business related factors such as: type of ownership, capital, number of employees, number of rooms and year of existence. Type of ownership. His refers on the type of organizational set-up of the business such as single proprietorship, partnership, or corporation. Capital. This refers to the total amount of money invested before and after the operation process. Years of existence. This refers to the total number of years from the time of the establishment open for business up to present years. Number of employees. This refer to the total number of people working for an organizational establishment which include front desk agent, reservation officer, guest relation officer, chef, room attendant and bell boy. Number of rooms. The total number of rooms available in hotels/inns and resorts similar businesses to accommodate visitors to a particular place. Hotels/Inns. A business establishment that provides paid for accommodation food and beverage for the short term period of time. Resorts. A place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. Resorts are places, towns or sometimes commercial establishment operated by a single company. Assumptions It will be assumed in this study that: 1. The Hotels/Inns and Resorts owner/manager apply the customer satisfaction on the practices functions improving on their business operation. 2. The respondents will answer the questionnaires designed for this study sincerely and truthfully. 3. The questionnaire to be used in conducting the study is valid and reliable Hypotheses Based on the problems of the study, it was hypothesized that: There is a significant relationship between the customer satisfaction on the practices of the hotels/inns and resorts of the First District of Ilocos Sur and the aforementioned business related factors. Methodology This portion presents a description of the method of research, population and sample, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data. Research Design. This study was made to use of the descriptive method of research. This method was determined the profile of the hotels/inns and resorts business of the first district in Ilocos Sur together with the level of customer satisfaction with the aforementioned marketing practices. The correalational method, was to find out whether the profile of the hotels/inns and resorts with the aforementioned business related factors have to do something with the level of customer satisfaction with the aforementioned marketing practices and whether the problems, issues and comments regarding the operation of the hotels/inns and resorts is dependent on the level on the level of customer satisfaction with the aforementioned marketing practices. Population and Sample. The respondent of the study were the owners/managers and customers of the 26 hotels/inns and resorts located at the first district in Ilocos Sur is considered s a served on the study. Therefore, this selection of this service business was based on the service offered. Purposive sampling was utilized to gather data from the customers. There were 318 customers who check-in in the hotels/inns and resorts during the gathering period. Table 1 shows the respondents from the hotels/inns and resorts involve with the study. Table 1. Distribution of the Population Hotels/Inns and Resorts |Owners/Managers |à Customers |à Totals |à % | |Hotels/Inns | | | | | |à Cordillera Inn |1 |à 15 |16à |4. 45 | |Cordillera Family Inn |1 |à 10 |11à |à 3. 06 | |Hotel Salcedo |16 |20à |36à |à 10. 2 | |à Vigan Plaza Hotel |à 1 |à 15 |16à |4. 45 | |à Grandpas Inn |à 1 |à 15 |à 16 |4. 45à | |Luzon Inn |1 |4 | 5 |1. 39 | |à Gordion Hotel |à 1 |à 20 |21à |5. 5 à | |à Vigan Heritage Mansion |à 1 |à 15 |à 16 |4. 45à | |à Rf Aniceto Mansion |à 1 |à 14 |15à |4. 18à | |à Villa Angela Pension House |à 1 |à 15 |à 16 |4. 45à | |à Green R Hotel |à 1 |à 10 |à 11 |3. 06à | |à Jaja Hotel |à 1 1 |à 14 |à 15 |4. 8à | |à Mel Solââ¬â¢s Tourist Inn |1à |à 10 |à 11 |à 3. 06 | |à Momââ¬â¢s Courtyard |à 1 |à 8 |à 9 |à 2. 51 | |Casa Teofila Lodge |à 1 |à 10 |à 11 |3. 06à | |à El Juliana Hotel |à 1 |12 |à 13 |3. 2à | |Resorts | | | | | |Heritage Resort of Caoayan |1 |12 |13 |3. 62 | |Aplaya Mindoro Beach Resort |à 1 |12 |à 13 |à 3. 62 | |Paraiso ni Don Juan Beach Resort |1 |12 |13 |3. 2 | |à Ponce Del Mar Beach Resorts |à 1 |à 10 |11à |3. 06à | |à Cabugao Beach Resort |à 1 |à 8 |à 9 |à 2. 51 | |Taj Resort |1 |12 |13 |3. 62 | |Ovemar Hotel and Resorts |1 |10 |11 |3. 6 | |à Teppeng Cove Beach Resort |à 1 |à 12 |13à |3. 62à | |Katib Beach Resort |1 |11 |12 |3. 34 | |Dayvee Hotel and Resorts |1 |12 |13 |3. 62 | |Totals |41 |318 |359 | | |Frequency (%) |11. 2 |88. 58 | |100 | Data Gathering Instruments The study will use a questionnaire to gather the necessary data. It consists of the following parts: Part I. This part will elicit information on the profile of the hotels/inns and resorts of the First District of Ilocos Sur. Part II. Provided the Level of Customer Satisfaction in the aforementioned marketing practices of the hotels/inns and resorts on the first district of Ilocos Sur. This items included in the questionnaires were adopted from the used by parasuraman et. Al (1998). However, to determined the customer satisfaction on the practices of the hotels/inns and resorts, a questionnaires was constructed and validated. In addition, the translation of level ranking was analyzed follow the criteria of customerââ¬â¢s satisfaction designed by Best (1977:174) The following norm for interpretation will be used to describe the following: On the Level of Customer Satisfaction on the practices of the hotels/inns and resorts Statistical RangeItem Descriptive Rating Overall Descriptive Rating 4. 2-5. 00Very much satisfiedVery High 3. 42-4. 21Much satisfiedHigh [H] 2. 62-3. 41SatisfiedFair [F] 1. 81-2. 61Moderately satisfiedLow (L) 1. 00-1. 80Not satisfiedVery Low [VL] Part III. Chi- Square will be test the significant relationship between the level of customer satisfaction with the aforementioned marketing practices and the profiles of the hotels/inns and resorts associated with the aforementioned business related factors. Part IV. It will include are the problems, issues comments regarding the operation of the hotels/inns and resorts. Data Gathering Procedure The following activities will be done for the conduct of the study: Prior to the survey, the questionnaire was piloted with the owners/managers, personnel and customers of the hotels/inns and resorts of the first district of ilocos sur to examined the first draft of the questionnaire and any misunderstanding over term and questions. The results of the piloted test showed that some sentences in the question were unclear and ambiguous. To realize the objectives of the study, the researcher will seek the assistance of the different experts for the validation of the questionnaire. After the validation, the researcher will ask permission from the different owners/ managers of the hotels/inns and resorts of first district of Ilocos Sur to conduct the study and for the endorsement of the study to the management. The management also suggested that the researcher should give an example in each questions in order to make the questions easy to understand. The results of the pilot study provided the correct information and the suitable design of questionnaire Upon approval of the management, the researcher will personally distribute and retrieved questionnaires to/from the respondents. The researcher will also look into documents for verification and acquisition of more data. Statistical Treatment of Data In the analysis and interpretation of the data, the following statistical tools will be utilized: 1. Frequency count, percentages will be used to determine the profile of the hotels/inns and resorts. 2. Mean will be applied to describe the level of customer satisfaction on the practices of the hotels/inns and resorts on the first district of Ilocos Sur. 3. Chi- Square will be utilized to determined the level of customer satisfaction on the practices of the hotels/inns and resorts associated with the aforementioned business related factors. Dummy Tables Table 2. Profiles of the Hotels/Inns and Resorts in terms of the some selected variables |Variables |f | % | |Type of Ownership | | | |Single proprietorship | | | | Partnership | | | | Corporation | | | |Totals | | | |Capital |f |% | |less than P2,000,000 | | |2,000,001 less than 5,000,000 | | | |5,000,001 less than 8,000,000 | | | |8,000,000 less than 10,000,000 | | | |10,000,001 and above | | | |Totals | | | |Number of Employees |f |% | | less than10 | | | |11 less than 14 | | | |15 less than 18 | | | |19 less than 21 | | | |Above 22 | | | |Totals | | | |Years of Existence |f |% | |1 4 Years | | | |5 8 Year | | | |9 12 Years | | | |13- 16 Years | | | |17 above | | | |Totals | | | |Number of Rooms | |% | |Less than 10 rooms | | |11-15 rooms | | | | 16- 20 rooms | | | |21-24 rooms | | | | 25- 29 rooms | | | | 30 and above | | | |Totals | | | |Services offered | |% | |Sleeping Accomodation | | | |Car rental/Service | | | |Food and Beverages | | | |Special offer for tour guidin g | | | |Recreational Facilities | | | |Cottage | | | |Firing Range | | | |Other forms of service offered | | | |Totals | | | Table 3. Level of Customer Satisfaction in the aforementioned Marketing Practices of the Hotels/Inns and Resorts on the First District of Ilocos Sur |Customer satisfaction |Mean |Dr | |Tangibility | | |The service personnel are suitably dressed and are professional in appearance. | | | |The make-up quality of hotel rooms is sufficiently clean. | | | |Visually appealing materials associated with the service. | | | |The hotels/inns and resorts provides sufficient dining facilities and services. | | | |Convenient hotels/inns and resorts business hours. | | | |The hotels/inns and resorts have a modern equipment. | | |Overall mean score | | | |Reliability | | | | The service personnel can correctly provide service | | | | The service personnel completed services in the time | | | | The service personnel is capable of resolving customer service | | | |The servi ce personnel can quickly provide required of the guest | | | |Overall mean score | | | |Responsiveness | | | |Fast treatment of customer complaint issues in the hotels/inns and resorts | | | |Stay operational speed in providing services | | | | You are not concerned about hotel payment methods | | | Hotel provides stated services | | | |Overall mean score | | | |Assurance | | | |You feel safe regarding the hardware and | | | |software of the hotel | | | |The staff have product knowledge of the hotels/inns and resorts e. g. describing all rooms type and | | | |the restaurants. | | | |Hotel service personnel are professional | | | |The service personnel provides individual services based on your needs. | | |The service personnel actively provide services and polite | | | |The behaviour of employees instill confidence in customers | | | |Customers feel safe in their transactions with the employees | | | |Employees are polite to customers | | | |Employees have knowledge to answer cu stomersââ¬â¢ questions. | | |Overall mean score | | | |Empathy | | | |The hotel/inns and resorts has sufficient leisure facilities | | | |The hotel/inns and resorts provides sufficient leisure activities (such as events in the evenings) | | | |Grocery stores give customers individual attention. | | | |Operating of the business in the hotels/inns and resorts are convenient to customers. | | | |Employees of hotel/inns and resorts give customers personal service. | | | |Employees in the hotels/inns and resorts have their customersââ¬â¢ interest at heart. | | |Employees of hotels/inns and resorts understand the specific needs of their customers. | | | |Overall mean score | | | |General Mean | | | Table 4. Chi Square test showing the significant relationship between the level of customer satisfaction and the profiles of the hotels/inns and resorts in the aforementioned business related factors. Business Related factors |Level of Customer Satisfaction | | |Tangibility |Reliabilit y |Responsiveness |Assurance |Empathy |à | |Type of ownership |à x2 |à x2crit | |The hotels/inns and resorts is difficult to get in on his room accommodation | | | |Complaints about the staff or not satisfied on their service performance | | | |Complaints about the food | | | |There are few guests | | | |Guests are bored | | | Theft | | | |Many things are broken such as: ambiance/facilities | | | |Customers | | | |No booking on arrival | | | |Unhelpful staff | | | |Next to a lift shaft | | | |Noisy room | | | |Overcharged | | | |Poor room service | | | |Cancellation costs | | | |Others | | | A. Bibliography Asubonteng, P. Mccleary, K. J. , Swan, J. E. (1996). 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(2002). Call Centre quality using the servqual model. Retrieved February 25, 2005, from http://cmqr. rmit. edu. au/publications/wsjdrbicit02. pdf Watt. Paul. (2007). Customer service work and emotional labour in the hospitality industry. UK: University of London. White, Paul B. Helen Beckley. (1988). Hotel Reception. th ed. London: Hedder and Stoughton. Wipoosattaya, W. (2001). Touristââ¬â¢s perceptions of hotel frontline employees: questionable job-related behavior. Bangkok: Thesis (MBA) I Assumption University. Yi, Y. (1990). A critical review of consumer satisfaction. Review of Marketing 1990, American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL. Yu, Alvin Hung-Chih. ( 2001). Service quality in Tourism : A case study of the 2001 study tour of Taiwan. Leisure Studies, The Pennsylvania State University: USA. Zeithaml V. A. , Parasuraman A. , Berry L. L. (1990). Delivering quality service: Balancing customer perceptions and expectations. The Free Press, New York Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-32162432357591961312020-03-18T08:00:00.001-07:002020-03-18T08:00:02.885-07:00hotel law Essayhotel law Essay hotel law Essay 0677806 HRT 244B Professor Frye Managing Insurance HomeworkDescribe the importance of mathematics and statistics to the insurance industry. Be sure to explain the roles that underwrites, agents, actuaries, premiums, and risk play in the insurance process. The use of mathematics and statistics is utilized in the insurance industry in order to be protected against financial risk. An insurance industry is built on the use of the following fundamental premises: underwrites, actuaries, agents, premiums, and risk play. First, underwrites must be faced by a large enough number of individuals or businesses so that statisticians can use actuary methods. Next, there are actuary methods; these methods are used to predict the average frequency of loss involved in the risk. An agent is the next big premise; agents are people authorized to act for or to represent another, usually referred to as a principal. Premiums are fees; they must be low enough to attract those who seek to be insured but high enough to support the number of losses that will be incurred by the insurer. Lastly, there is the premise of risk play; risk play is evaluating a situation for an insurance company, it makes sure the any risk is not occurring so frequently during any given period that the insurer cannot pay all legitimate claims. As discussed in the chapter, identify at least five types of insurance that would be needed by a nightclub or bar owner, and discuss the importance of each. Five main insurance types that would be needed by a nightclub owner or bar owner include the following: Property-Casualty insurance, Liability insurance, Employee Liability insurance, Dram Shop insurance, and Health/Dental/Vision insurance. First, they would need Property-Casualty insurance, this insurance is important because it is used to protect a business against property damages. Next, there is Liability insurance, this insurance is important because a business will want to protect themselves against injuries to other people resulting from the operation of their own facilities. It is also important for a business of this kind to have Employee Liability insurance. This insurance is important because, as an owner or manager, you wish to supplement your general liability coverage with additional coverage for any harmful acts your employees may commit in the course of their employment. Next, a business will want to have Dram Shop insurance because it is a liquor liability. Thi s insurance provided establishments that sell alcohol with coverage for bodily injury or property damage that may result from any or all of the following acts: causing or contributing to intoxication of a person, serving alcoholic beverages to a person under the legal drinking age, serving to an intoxicated person, and violating any statute, ordinance, or regulation relating to sale, gift, distribution, or use of alcoholic beverages. Lastly, a business of this type should have Health/Dental/Vision insurance. This insurance allows the manager to retain and maintain a quality workforce. Assess the pros and cons of self-insurance in the area of Workersââ¬â¢ Compensation. There are both pros and cons to self-insurance in the area of Workersââ¬â¢ Compensation. First there are a few pros; primarily, it is beneficial that compensation policies provide payments to workers or their families in the event of an employeeââ¬â¢s injury. Also, lump-sums can be made to those who have been partially or permanently disabled. In addition, if a worker is killed while on the job, payments may be made to the workerââ¬â¢s family. Then there are cons to this type of insurance; primarily, injured employees are not allowed to sue employers for damages beyond those awarded by workersââ¬â¢ compensation. Also, an injured employee must be examined by a specific doctor, not their own. Lastly, in some cases where another employee or third party has caused a worker injury, or when the employee challenges the legality of a workerââ¬â¢s Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-71991940529410723432020-03-01T23:46:00.001-08:002020-03-01T23:46:02.317-08:00Horned and Frilled Ceratopsian DinosaursHorned and Frilled Ceratopsian Dinosaurs Among the most distinctive of all dinosaurs, ceratopsians (Greek for horned faces) are also the most easily identified - even an eight-year-old can tell, just by looking, that Triceratops was closely related to Pentaceratops, and that both were close cousins of Chasmosaurus and Styracosaurus. However, this extensive family of horned, frilled dinosaurs has its own subtleties, and includes some genera you might not have expected. (See a gallery of horned, frilled dinosaur pictures and profiles and a slideshow of famous horned dinosaurs that werent Triceratops.) Although the usual exceptions and qualifications apply, especially among early members of the breed, paleontologists broadly define ceratopsians as herbivorous, four-legged, elephant-like dinosaurs whose enormous heads sported elaborate horns and frills. The famous ceratopsians listed above lived exclusively in North America during the late Cretaceous period; in fact, ceratopsians may be the most All-American of dinosaurs, though some genera did hail from Eurasia and the earliest members of the breed originated in eastern Asia. Early Ceratopsians As stated above, the first horned, frilled dinosaurs werent confined to North America; numerous specimens have also been discovered in Asia (most notably the area in and around Mongolia). Previously, as far as paleontologists could tell, the earliest true ceratopsian was believed to be the relatively small Psittacosaurus, which lived in Asia from 120 to 100 million years ago. Psittacosaurus didnt look much like Triceratops, but close examination of this dinosaurs small, parrot-like skull reveals some distinctively ceratopsian traits. Recently, however, a new contender has come to light: the three-foot-long Chaoyangsaurus, which dates to the late Jurassic period (as with Psittacosaurus, Chaoyangsaurus has been pegged as a ceratopsian mostly because of the structure of its horny beak); another early genus is the 160-million-year-old Yinlong. Because they lacked horns and frills, Psittacosaurus and these other dinosaurs are sometimes classified as protoceratopsians, along with Leptoceratops, the oddly named Yamaceratops and Zuniceratops, and, of course, Protoceratops, which roamed the plains of Cretaceous central Asia in vast herds and was a favorite prey animal of raptors and tyrannosaurs (one Protoceratops fossil has been discovered locked in combat with a fossilized Velociraptor). Confusingly, some of these protoceratopsians coexisted with true ceratopsians, and researchers have yet to determine the exact genus of early Cretaceous protoceratopsian from which all later horned, frilled dinosaurs evolved. The Ceratopsians of the Later Mesozoic Era Fortunately, the story gets easier to follow once we reach the more famous ceratopsians of the late Cretaceous period. Not only did all these dinosaurs inhabit roughly the same territory at roughly the same time, but they all looked unnervingly alike, save for the differing arrangements of the horns and frills on their heads. For example, Torosaurus possessed two big horns, Triceratops three; Chasmosaurus frill was rectangular in shape, while Styracosaurus looked more like a triangle. (Some paleontologists claim that Torosaurus was actually a growth stage of Triceratops, an issue that has yet to be conclusively settled.) Why did these dinosaurs sport such elaborate head displays? As with many such anatomical features in the animal kingdom, they probably served a dual (or triple) purpose: horns could be used to fend off ravenous predators as well as to intimidate fellow males in the herd for mating rights, and frills could make a ceratopsian look bigger in the eyes of a hungry Tyrannosaurus Rex, as well as attract the opposite sex and (possibly) dissipate or collect heat. A recent study concludes that the main factor driving the evolution of horns and frills in ceratopsians was the need for members of the same herd to recognize each other! Paleontologists divide the horned, frilled dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous period into two families. Chasmosaurine ceratopsians, typified by Chasmosaurus, had relatively long brow horns and large frills, while centrosaurine ceratopsians, typified by Centrosaurus, possessed shorter brow horns and smaller frills, often with large, ornate spines projecting from the top. However, these distinctions shouldnt be taken as set in stone, since new ceratopsians are constantly being discovered across the expanse of North Americain fact, more certaopsians have been discovered in the U.S. than any other type of dinosaur. Ceratopsian Family Life Paleontologists often have a hard time distinguishing male from female dinosaurs, and they sometimes cant even conclusively identify juveniles (which may have been either the children of one genus of dinosaur or the full-grown adults of another). Ceratopsians, though, are one of the few families of dinosaurs in which the males and females can usually be told apart. The trick is that, as a rule, male ceratopsians had bigger frills and horns, while those of females were slightly (or sometimes significantly) smaller. Oddly enough, the hatchlings of different genera of horned, frilled dinosaurs seem to have been born with pretty much identical skulls, only developing their distinctive horns and frills as they grew into adolescence and adulthood. In this way, ceratopsians were very similar to pachycephalosaurs (bone-headed dinosaurs), the skulls of which also changed shape as they aged. As you can imagine, this has led to a fair amount of confusion; an unwary paleontologist may assign two grossly different ceratopsian skulls to two different genera, when they were actually left by differently aged individuals of the same species. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-73518397469558843602020-02-14T15:10:00.001-08:002020-02-14T15:10:03.063-08:00Computer Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2Computer Security - Essay Example Frequently, programs bundle spyware with freeware or shareware, though it can also arrive via email, instant messages or web downloads. On the other hand data breaches occur when personal consumer information is lost or stolen, and can result in the loss of hundreds or millions of records. This information can then be used to commit crimes, including fraudulent unemployment claims (Goodin, 2008), fraudulent tax returns (McMillan, 2008), fraudulent loans (Hogan 2008), home equity fraud (Krebs, 2008), and payment card fraud. Consumers can also suffer the burden of increased loan interest rates, being denied utility services, civil suits or criminal investigation (Baum, 2004). While the consumer costs incurred from credit card fraud may be negligible, out of pocket expenses can reach thousands of dollars. It is results of all these effects of spam that there had to be changes in infrastructure made. The anti-spyware legislation is currently under consideration in 27 U.S States as well a s in the U.S. Congress is one of these changes. It aims to prohibit spyware from delivering advertisements to a computer under certain circumstances.. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-2770291290088357212020-02-01T21:54:00.001-08:002020-02-01T21:54:03.466-08:00Review of one article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsReview of one article - Essay Example onal field by offering people a chance at an affordable education regardless of age, but have also raised the bar of academic performance simply by allowing the students to make their own mistakes and learn on their own with mere ââ¬Å"guidanceâ⬠from their online educators. Indeed, education has reached a focal point where traditional educations might see the emerging educational platforms as a form of ââ¬Å"creative Destructionâ⬠while the forward thinkers and future innovators see an avenue of education that will allow for much more development and freedom of learning for the students, at a far lower cost that normally expected. Therefore, it is not right to tag the term ââ¬Å"Creative Destructionâ⬠on online education and its supporters. For as long as people the world over have a chance to access higher education at a cost affordable to them, which also allows them the personal growth and learning space needed to become a success in the 21st century, then the objectives of higher education are met. True there is a need for a governing body in order to standardize the online educational process,but that will not erase the fact future business leaders and innovators are fast coming from online rather than traditional educational Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-82694771983253670802020-01-24T18:17:00.001-08:002020-01-24T18:17:02.776-08:00Catcher in the Rye Essay: Levels of Meaning -- Catcher Rye Essays Levels of Meaning in The Catcher in the Rye Protected by a cocoon of naivetà ©, Holden Caulfield, the principal character in the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, therapeutically relates his lonely 24 hour stay in downtown New York city, experiencing the "phony" adult world while dealing with the death of his innocent younger brother. Through this well-developed teenage character, JD Salinger, uses simple language and dialogue to outline many of the complex underlying problems haunting adolescents. With a unique beginning and ending, and an original look at our new society, The Catcher in the Rye is understood and appreciated on multiple levels of comprehension. The book provides new insights and a fresh view of the world in which adolescents live. One way for readers to measure their level of comprehension in this story, is to explore the meaning of the title, it's effect on the book's theme and how it provides a deep look into Holden's character. Being an attention demanding tool, the title also can provide a mystery to which the reader can understand by pulling together the clues, hidden in the text. To an experienced reader, who may be familiar with the book, imagery of a catcher in the rye is apparent throughout the story. However, for a new reader the journey begins past the middle of the book. While analyzing the city around him, Holden sees a kid walking in the street "singing and humming." As Holden nears he realizes the child is signing that song, "If a body catch a body coming through the rye" in a very pretty voice, making traffic come to a screeching halt, and making Holden feel "not so depressed."(116) So far, the title's words are just a catchy song, though their repetition, at a key mo... ...ginal tune, by Robert Burns, has the line "If a body meet a body comin thro' the rye," not "If a body catch a body comin thro' the rye." This is not the first time Holden has distorted something, though this lie has meaning. The original poem talks of the love of two people meeting each other, while Holden's image is that of falling children being caught. Love is replaced by Holden protecting children, who are facing a death-like situation, a change showing how much of an impact Allie's death made on Holden's life. One might also see that Holden himself is falling out of innocence and needs a Catcher in the Rye himself, the book's central paradox. In the end any reader could say that "The Catcher in the Rye" is Holden Caulfield, though this title opens up a door into understanding his deep personality, the books theme, while exploring the central paradox. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-687067976989147892020-01-16T14:40:00.001-08:002020-01-16T14:40:04.467-08:00Brutusââ¬â¢ Ghosts: A Comparative Psychoanalysis EssayIn William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Julius Caesar, the cosmological and political ideals are constantly compared, analyzed, and argued because of the broad spectrum of opinions on Shakespeareââ¬â¢s thought process in writing. Myron Taylor, associated with George Washington University and published by Folger Shakespeare Library, and Stephen M. Buhler, associated with University of Nebraskaà Lincoln and published in English Literary Renaissance, dually contemplate the existence of Caesarââ¬â¢s ghost after the assassination, whether he was just a figment of Brutusââ¬â¢s guilt or a spectral embodiment of Caesar seeking revenge. Even though Taylor and Buhler outline their reasoning as to why Shakespeare included an apparition of Caesar in this play with psychological or supernatural possibilities, countless reasons for the idea of ghosts being real in order to develop a counterargument with a spiritual view should be considered. The Academy for Spiritual and Consciousness Studies, composed of numerous scholars with doctorates and a team of mediums, offer the reality and eliminate cliches related to the existence of spirits and show why popular belief indicates spirits donââ¬â¢t exist and then tries to help grief patients connect with the spirit theyââ¬â¢re looking forà through a series of binaural beats that relax the mind and create a path to a state of consciousness. This experience helps the mind stretch beyond a physical aspect and connect with the desired spirit through memories and familiar feelings. As the study of binaural beats and electromagnetic measures toà determine the presence of a spirit become more apparent, the doctors of this academy use the advantage of science to provide a psychotherapeutic experiment, so in turn providing the proof that ghosts have a place among the living and the idea that Caesarââ¬â¢s ghost really existed in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s intention. Regardless of modern technology, Shakespeare lived in a time of belief in the impossible and sought the initiative to create multiple views on the afterlife and if Caesar really was connected to Brutus in the way he imagined. Although Taylor and Buhler donââ¬â¢t use psychotherapeutic studies or the time frame explaining Shakespeareââ¬â¢s possible beliefs to discuss the topic of Caesarââ¬â¢s ghost. Myron Taylor depicts this spiritual aspect by stating, ââ¬Å"They have killed Caesarââ¬â¢s body, but they have not destroyed his spirit. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-75422872147532164062020-01-08T11:03:00.001-08:002020-01-08T11:03:02.992-08:00The Need for Cultural Awareness, Respect and Competency THE NEED FOR CULTURAL AWARENESS, RESPECT AND COMPETENCY What is culture? It is difficult to define culture. A characteristic usually included in definitions of culture is that it is shared by people. Culture is also said to distinguish insiders from outsiders, those who are members of one cultural group from those who are not. This idea of culture leads to the following useful suppositions: 1. Culture is learned. It is transmitted from one generation to another through observation and discourse. Thus, culture is shared with those from whom it is learned and with those to whom it is taught. Older adults have had a great deal of time to learn cultural values and beliefs from those groups with which they have had contact. 2.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦We speak a different language (medical terminology) and our understanding and beliefs regarding health and illness differ greatly from the population at large. Patients and staff also differ in social class. Western medicine by its nature treats patients as medical objects, a biomechanical entity. Patients are detached from their own lives and life stories and physically taken from their home settings into the unfamiliar setting of a hospital, to be treated by different specialists. But patients often resist this treatment in a number of ways and the resulting conflicts express themselves as ethical problems. Given the cultural and economic gaps between health care providers and patients, it is not surprising we often make moral judgments on the behaviour of patients. Even if we deny the reality of the situation, as health care providers we must understand that we are ethnocentric. Health care providers adhere rigidly to the western system of health care delivery and with few exceptions, do not sanction any other methods of prevention or healing. We fail to recognize or use any source of medication that has not been proven to be effective by scientific means. So how can we as providers o f health care, meet the perceived needs of the patient as defined by the patient, when we do not recognize others beliefs regarding health andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Cultural Competency On A Healthcare Organization1021 Words à |à 5 PagesImportance of Culture Competency in a Healthcare Organization The information in this paper is based on interviews from two executives, research, and personal experiences. Further it will define cultural competency and provide the viewpoints from two executive level employees on the importance of developing a culturally competent environment for their patients and staff in the healthcare setting. Cultural competency from the health care perspective is defined according to â⬠(Betancourt, J.R.Read MoreMulticultural Competency Essay909 Words à |à 4 Pagesmulticultural competency to the practice of professional psychology is to ââ¬Å"know thy cultural selfâ⬠is the recommended motto for trainees with regard to two developmental tasks: self-exploration about ones own cultural heritage and understanding and valuing the differences of othersâ⬠(Roysircar, 2004). Roysircar (2004) said that being able to embrace diversity into your approach to assessment and discretion is an essential part of the process of treatment and its outcomes. Cultural Awareness MoreoverRead MoreDifferent Definitions For Cultural Competency1660 Words à |à 7 PagesThere are various definitions for cultural competency depending on the various, but each definition relates to one thing, understanding an environment other than your own. In the Psychology dictionary, cultural competency is defined as, ââ¬Å"Taking ownership of the abilities and insight which are recommended for and particular to a chosen culture.â⬠To be culturally competent, one must possess the capacity to work effectively with people from a variety of ethnic, cultural, political, economic, and religiousRead MoreCultural Competency And Awareness, Organization, And Skills1605 Words à |à 7 Pagesimportant to first define cultural competency, as the ability for health professionals to work in situations where their personal culture may not be identical to that of the patient they are interacting with (Blackburn, 2015). Unfortunately, there is no definitive definition utilized across p rofessions (Suarez-Balcazar et al., 2011). This can make it difficult to pursue in both teaching it and evaluating it. In fact, this study will only touch on one method of evaluating cultural competence with threeRead MoreCulture can include, but is not limited to ethnicity, spiritual belief, tribal affiliations,1400 Words à |à 6 Pagesculturally competent care, acknowledging the importance of culture and the expansion of cultural knowledge and the adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs. When looking at Description of the relevance and relationship between culture/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and cultural competence When considering health, it is vital we identify the relevance and relationships between culture, cultural competence and socioeconomic status and how they may affect an individual in receiving appropriateRead MoreCode Of Ethics For An International Organization972 Words à |à 4 Pagesfor which we have the task of developing global code of ethics that integrate and demonstrate respect for the diverse groups that I do business with, such as the nations of India, the United Arab Emirates and Japan. I would use the World Health Organization (WHO) as on example. Below is a list of code of ethics that will serve as guidelines for this organization: Responsibility to Self 1. Recognize the need to engage in continuing education to broaden knowledge and expertise in the prevention of diseaseRead MoreEssay on Professional Communication: Cultural Sensitivity1283 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunication Cultural Sensitivity Paper Linda Ginder Grand Canyon University - NUR 502 July 10, 2013 Professional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Paper No culture is growing at a faster pace than the Hispanic population, surpassing African Americans as the largest minority population in the United States. The Hispanic population increased from 35.3 million to 50.5 million in 2010. The intention of this paper is to increase the awareness and understanding of cultural competency and cultural sensitivityRead MoreDiversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy Essay1050 Words à |à 5 Pages Diversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy A therapist will face problems, issues and client troubles everyday. The professional must understand how their client relates to the world around them. These feelings and ideas affect how the client sees the problem and how they respond to their situation. Their actions, in turn, have bearing on individual thoughts, needs, and emotions. The therapist must be aware of the clients history, values, and culture in order to provideRead MoreUnited States Army War College1370 Words à |à 6 PagesIn his ââ¬Å"Welcome to the Seminarâ⬠reading, Thomas Galvin listed eight competencies that graduates of the US Army War College should possess. He highlighted them as a ââ¬Å"way of helping students visualize the end state of this journey ââ¬â being a senior leader.â⬠1 Galvin further divided the eight competencies into persistent and mission specific. Persistent, meaning traits for everyday life and mission specific, meaning only for certain situations. Galvin lists the four mi ssion specific traits as StrategicRead MoreThe American Association Of Nurse Practitioners1631 Words à |à 7 Pages(SFCAPN, 2015). Core Competencies and Certification Requirements The curriculum for nurses in advance practice requires that every APRN is academically prepared by adhering to the seven core competencies for APRNs. Moreover, NP students of all specialty tracks and population foci, have to meet a set of criteria and academic standards developed by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF). This framework, known as the Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies, is comprised of nine Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-34030459857444858452019-12-31T07:28:00.001-08:002019-12-31T07:28:04.728-08:00The Effects Of Emotion On Human Beings - 1368 Words At the beginning when asked what it means to be human I believed that to be human you had to meet some requirements. For someone to fall under the category of being human they had the ability to believe in a greater power. Also a person being able to live out their faith in any way they would like to allows them to be labeled as human. The biological make up of a human also was another requirement that was needed to be met to be labeled as human. Having a heart, brain, skin, hair, and all the other biological features were something unique to the human category. Emotion is another theorem of why humans are human beings. Emotions control how we act some lead to mistakes other leads to great success. Mistakes also bring about guilt, andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In my research I learned that many inhuman things were soon going to be labeled human because they were meeting those requirements changing my perspective on what it means to be human. Robots were once just metal objects, but with the advancement of technology they now have biological features. Now, a robot can be seen with skin that almost looks just like a humans and almost feels like ââ¬Å"real human skinâ⬠(Christensen 2). The robot also has been advanced with biological features such as eyes and hair along with the skin. Not only is technology advancing the outside biological features of the robot, but it is also advancing the ones on the inside as well. Robots used to contain nothing inside of them, but wires and metal. Humans have now figured out how to ââ¬Å"incorporate human brain cellsâ⬠(Mitchell 1) inside of the robot itself. The human brain cells are now helping robots control themselves instead of having someone else control the robot. A robot advancing to having self-control is allowing them to be seen as human beings. Hair, eyes, and fingernails are making the robot hard to distinguish actual humans from robots. Robots could ââ¬Å"look so human that we may not be able to tell man apart from machineâ⬠(Zolfagharifard 2). Advancements in artificial intelligence are now allowing robots to have intelligent conversations with humans. When the robots are asked questions, they can send back an answer to the person they are having the conversation with. A robot Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-75086913321410422502019-12-23T03:15:00.001-08:002019-12-23T03:15:04.386-08:00Abortion Essay example - 1239 Words Abortion is defined as the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of independent life. Abortions must be conducted before the end of six months or the fetus will leave the womb and it would be considered premature birth. If the fetus weighs less than 18 ounces or is less than 20 weeks into pregnancy, it is usually considered an abortion. There are two types of abortions. One is spontaneous and the other is induced. Spontaneous abortions are known y another name, miscarriages. The second form of abortion is an induced abortion. This is the deliberate termination of the fetus.Many have pondered upon the meaning of abortion. The argument because every child born should be wanted, and others who believe that every childâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Abortion is not only a womans right, it is a womans choice. Allowing abortion to e legal is immoral. A pre-born child is given the status of a product of pregnancy and never seen as the miracle only a woman can create. Compassion for the small one is drowned out under a demand for rights, but what about the rights for the unborn. A woman has a right to her own body is an idea more and more women are realizing, but that idea ignores the unborn childs right to his or her own body. Never, in modern times, has the state granted to one citizen the right to have another killed in order to solve their personal, social, or economic problems. The embryo is its own being that should have its own rights to protect it. The zygote is a unique genetic being. If one were to abort an embryo then that embryo, that human life would never be duplicated again. For example, a scientist that may have found the cure to A.I.D.S would be killed. There is a better way to solve our problems than by killing children. A fertilized egg is the most beautiful, most innocent being that we could ever create and can redeem even our worst mistakes. This fertilized egg is not just a mass of tissue, for if it were there would be no debate. It is immoral to kill; therefore, abortion is immoral.Abortion should be banned because life begins at conception. The individual sex cell consists of 23 chromosomes.Show MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words à |à 4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words à |à 4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican partyââ¬â¢s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat partyââ¬â¢s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a personââ¬â¢s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words à |à 7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words à |à 7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words à |à 4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahomaââ¬â¢s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words à |à 8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words à |à 9 PagesMostly seen as a religious issue, abortions are anything but that. Biology and science are the only deciding factors when it comes down to it. Science is the only thing that can prove whether an unborn child is living; no religion can do that. Through modern science and technology, it has been proven and well documented that human life does in fact begin at conception. The scientific evidence also contradicted the court ruling in the Roe v. Wade case, where it was stated that the Court could notRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words à |à 7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion measures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words à |à 5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers . At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a womenââ¬â¢s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800ââ¬â¢s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-13942106867843655332019-12-14T23:45:00.001-08:002019-12-14T23:45:03.276-08:00Acid and Shoe Free Essays CHAPTER 1 Introduction Background of the Study Like many other hygiene convenience, shoe polish or can also be called boot polish is usually a wax , cream or paste used by people to shine, water proof and restore the appearance of leather shoes. This extends the footwearââ¬â¢s life. This is made up of many kinds of chemicals and because of this; it can cause irritations, allergies to us. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid and Shoe or any similar topic only for you Order Now In our generation, shoe polish is used every day and companies produce a lot of it to meet the demands of consumers. This leads to chemical wastes. We the researchers would like to find or discover materials like banana peelings, leaves, or trash and use them as alternatives for these chemicals but without sacrificing the effectiveness of the shoe polish. Recently the Philippines has experienced flash floods and according to the disaster agency of the Philippines more than 338,000 people in 13 provinces were affected by the disaster, with nearly 43,000 still in schools, churches and gymnasiums. This was mainly caused by illegal logging and improper disposal of garbage. If we are successful in using trash as alternative for making shoe polish we could lessen the trash in the streets because companies would be collecting these trashes to produce their product. As of now, Ateneo de Iloilo students and teachers are using leather shoes when going to school and when it rains it could damage the physical appearance of the shoes which would lead them to buy new ones. Many of them uses shoe polish to protect and clean their shoes and some are not safe when it comes in contact with skin, eyes or other sensitive parts of the body. Our investigation could benefit them because they would be able to homemade shoe polish that would not cause harm or irritations to them. The investigators chose this study because of curiosity and that the investigators are looking for other alternatives in making a shoe polish which is convenient and safe to use. It is through this experiment that most of us could greatly benefit in ways that are useful in our everyday lives. Statement of the Problem This study seeks to answer the following questions: What other components can be added in making the shoe polish that would make it a better alternative than those bought in stores? How effective is the presence of the glycerin, charcoal, citric acid in the making of the shoe polish? Will these alternative components be sufficient in making a great shoe polish? What factors affect the efficiency span of the shoe polish? Hypotheses In view of the preceding questions, the following hypotheses are advanced: 1. The harder the charcoal, the smoother and finer shoe polish can be made. 2. The given alternatives are sufficient in the making of shoe polish. 3. Considering that you undergo the process of heating, the more you stir the finer the shoe polish. . The more number of kerosene drops, the slimier the polish. 5. The greater the volume of the water added, the less effective the polish. Significance of the Study The investigators believed that the result of the study will be beneficial to the following: Students. This study could help the students by adding some information on their knowledge about shoe polishes. This could also enhance their creativity and resource fulness while doing the study. Shoe shiners. This study can help shoe shiners by giving them alternative ways on how to create their own shoe polish. Instead of buying the industrial shoe polish, they can use their own creation. Itââ¬â¢s more cheaper, less expensive and more convenient. Environment. This study can help the recycling department in our environment. Instead of using the normal ingredients, we can use trash as the main ingredient. In this study, we are not only learning on the alternative ways on how to make shoe polish but also helping the environment at the same time by recycling and reducing of things. Future investigators. This study could serve as a basis for them to do more esearch and add more information to the things that we have done. This could also be a form of help to them as a source of information on how to start the research. Scope and Limitations This study revolves or focuses only on the topics about shoe polish and itââ¬â¢s processes. The experiment is only limited to 2 sub trials per trial. The study is limited to safe components that can be used for comparative testing. Thus, flammable or co rrosive materials will not be appropriate to use in the investigation. Definition of terms 1. Glycerin ââ¬â is a thick liquid that is colorless and sweet tasting. It has a high boiling point and freezes to a paste. Glycerinââ¬â¢s most common use is in soap and other beauty products like lotions, though it is also used, in the form of nitroglycerin, to create dynamite. (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) In this study Glycerin is used as a component in making a shoe polish. 2. Charcoal ââ¬â a dark or black porous carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) In this study charcoal is used as a component in making a shoe polish. 1. Citric acid ââ¬â is a natural,à weak organic acidà that is found in many fruits and vegetables, especially citrus. Because citric acid is also a byproduct of theà citric acid cycle, it is also produced by many living organisms, including mold. (Foodreference. about. com) In this study citric acid is used as a component in making a shoe polish. 2. Soap ââ¬â A substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali, and typically having perfume and coloring added (Google. com) In this study soap is used as a component in making a shoe polish. How to cite Acid and Shoe, Papers Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-79174660285438756252019-12-06T20:07:00.001-08:002019-12-06T20:07:05.219-08:00Dell Mercosur Essay Example For Students Dell Mercosur Essay Dell Mercousur Given how Dell translates its foreign currency financial statements into Dollars, how would a falling Brazilian Real affect Dell Mercosurââ¬â¢s financial statement? A countryââ¬â¢s falling currency can affect a businesses operation in many ways. Partly its currency helps determine a company strategy and can impact decision making. For instance, as a result of the falling real, the Chief Financial Officer of Dell Mercosur has to base his strategies depending on the strength or weakness of that particular countryââ¬â¢s currency. One of the reasons is especially due to the fact that they own a manufacturing plant in Brazil. Most companyââ¬â¢s future growth rates are highly dependent on its continued growth and success in its international markets. Furthermore; since Dell translates its currency according to the current rate system. The companyââ¬â¢s assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate for that period and are also subject to the gains and losses of foreign exchange fluctuations. Dell Imports about 97 percent of its manufacturing costs. What type of exposure does that create for it? What are its options to reduce that exposure? Importing 97 percent of its manufacturing costs exposes Dell to fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates which is unfortunate because their goal is to reduce the impact of fluctuations on the companyââ¬â¢s profit earning and cash flow. Possible solutions would include hedging their exposure through the implementation of option and forward contracts. Describe and evaluate Dellââ¬â¢s exposure management strategy. As discussed in the reading, Dell employs the use of purchased option and forward contracts. This is used as a hedge in order to protect the company against transactions that are whereby denominated in currencies other than the United States Dollar. Specifically, Dell uses forward contracts to protect monetary assets and limit liabilities. The corporate treasury is set in place to measure and monitor the flow of currency worldwide. One aspect of their strategy involves forecasting exposure, and the second key is to implement a sturdy design and execution. It is highly important that Dell monitors all foreseeable activities ranging from revenue capabilities to potential market fluctuation. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-38445860371943177932019-11-29T08:10:00.001-08:002019-11-29T08:10:03.624-08:00Media Management Norms in the Industry Alabarran, Chan-Olmsted and Wirth (2006, 275) believe that media management stands alone as a distinct field of management for two major reasons. The first reason is the unique position that media organizations as well as their output occupy in the cultural and political life of societies and nations where they operate in (Cook 1998, 122; Sparrow 1999, 46; Golding Murdock 2005, 68).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Management Norms in the Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Croteau and Hoynes (2001, 54) and Mcchesney (2008, 44) believe that media organizations have the capacity, and in some situations, the obligation to influence the cultural and political behaviours, attitudes as well as opinions of audiences. The second reason is its economic position. Media organizations produce products which are quite different from products offered by businesses in other industries. (Napoli 2003a, 106) states th at media organizations produce content which are distributed to audiences as well as audiences to be distributed to advertisers. (Hamilton 2004, 11) confirms that it is these products, content and audiences, which make the media to have distinct economic characteristics that distinguish the media industry from other industries across the globe. It is these economic distinctive characteristics that require managers of media companies to have specialized training as well as specialized understanding of the unique dynamics of the industryââ¬â¢s marketplace so as to be able to make effective managerial decisions and strategic plans (Herrick 2004, 102). This paper discusses how content and audiences have affected the structures of media organizations. Content and audience have significant influence on various political and cultural issues in the society. Therefore media organizations have to focus on the core of the businesses while serving the information needs of the audiences (Bark in 2002, 168). However, the increasing competition in the market among media companies has created intense competition for audience attention. This has largely been caused by the increased channel capacity of different forms traditional media, television and radio, as well as the growth of content delivery technologies such as the internet and Direct Broadcast Satellite. Napoli (2003b, 64) says that these factors have fragmented the media audience such that it has become quite a challenge for one media outlet to attract significant audiences.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Where there was once two international television networks, CNN and BBC, there are several of them nowadays including CNBC, CNN, BBC, FOX News, Al-Jazeera, MSNBC as well as numerous other regional and national television channels. Alabarran, Chan-Olmsted and Wirth (2006, 284) report that an average home receives more than a hundred television channels which is also supplemented by content from the internet. However, the huge increase in the content options available to audiences has not been accompanied by increase in the amount of money that people spend on media. Consequently, the structure of most media organizations has changed in attempts to remain relevant in the market (Vogel 2004, 156)). Some media companies have formed mergers while others operate in joint partnerships to achieve economies of scale as they reduce costs. Mergers and partnerships allow media companies to increase the content they provide to the audiences while still maintaining profitability (Doyle 2002, 211). Partnerships allow them to share news content, production equipment, newspaper distribution, costs for capturing events as well as transport costs incurred in collecting information. Marketing research has also become very important in the structures of media organizations especially in the print indu stry as result of changing consumer (audience) trends. The increasing available content options especially the internet, which can be easily accessed through mobile phones and other devices, has influenced decline in newspaper readership. Thus, media companies are increasingly relying on media research as well as focus groups to be able to decide on the content of their newspapers. As such, media organizations are continuously investing in their marketing departments to be able to present content that make them relevant to the audiences they serve. According to Craft and Davis (2000, 225) media companies have to enhance their ability to successfully serve the public interest.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Management Norms in the Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The distinct economic characteristics of the media industry, content and audience, have also influenced the type of media ownership stru ctures adopted by most media organizations. (Compaine 1995, 758: Picard 2002, 203) states that media organization managers are adopting business structures that enhance their abilities to provide more audience service-oriented content as well as services. Some media organizations have adopted more concentrated ownership structures which provide them with greater resources to devote to content delivery (Compaine and Gomery 2000, 123). This allows them greater economic efficiency as they are able to reduce costs of collecting news content as well as expenditure on staff (Einstein 2004, 76). Media organizations which adopt concentrated ownership structures employ relatively fewer journalists to collect information since the information collected to be broadcasted on television are also broadcasted on radio, and produced in newspapers. This means that media organizations can use one information sources to serve various audiences using different media channels. Again, such media organiza tions present wide content since they have journalists employed to meet every sector in each media category that the organization deals. Alabarran, Chan-Olmsted and Wirth (2006, 287) report that a study that was conducted by the Federal Communication Commission in 2003 revealed that television stations which have newspaper holdings always provide more local news as well as public affairs programming as compared to media companies without newspaper holdings. Thus, newspaper-television cross-ownership has become very important in ensuring wide content for audiences considering that the economics of media marketplace have undergone significant changes over the past two decades (Napoli 2004, 115). Napoli (2002, 172) and (Denison, Frenette Spavins 2002, 243) state that the economics of scope as regards content collection and dissemination across various distribution technologies have encouraged the production of public interest content.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Media companies which operate in one distribution channel form partnerships with other media companies with different content distribution channel to be able to acquire more content at reduced costs (Hollifield 2004 83). As competition in the media industry marketplace continues, media companies consistently expand to reach as many audiences as they can. Large national as well as multinational media outlets are increasing their ability to effectively reach more audiences and to provide content that serve the needs of audiences in specific geographical regions (Napoli 2000, 578; Napoli 2009, 169). As a result, large media companies are opening up media outlets (subsidiaries) in other countries to enable them collect and disseminate information relevant to these audiences while integrating them with international news. The need to reach more audiences and present wider content has prompted media organizations to build their satellites in various regions across the world. In some cases , multinational media companies collaborate with local media companies to construct their Direct Broadcast Satellite in their firms so as to be able to transmit content gathered directly to their transmission stations. Bowman and Willis (2003, 9) state that the distinctive economic characteristics of the media industry, audience and content, have influenced media organizations to adopt different models in their business processes as they seek to provide quality content to their audiences. Bowman and Willis (2003, 11) state that some media companies adopt top-down news model where the media organization has total control over the content that the audience receive. The media organization filters all contents before presenting them to the audience. All news from advertisers and other sources have to pass through the media organization before they are presented on television shows, newspapers and web sites. This means that everybody involved in content gathering submits their contents t o be edited or rejected. On the other hand, some media organizations prefer to let audience access the content without filtering. These organizations adopt bottom-up news organization structure. They are structured such that all participants in the media broadcasting process have opportunity to present their contents directly to the audience. In such media organizations, editors, advertisers, reporters, publishers, community as well as the audience are allowed to participate in content production (Hamilton 2004, 287). All the participants have the opportunity to change roles in the content production process so as to allow the audience to get involved. The audience have a chance to share their opinions and to contribute in content gathering as well as production. They make comments and interact with the management team of the media organization, reporters, advertisers and editors. Bowman and Willis (2003, 11) state that in this structure anyone can be a reporter. Media organizations which adopt intercast (bottom-up news) structure have the ability to provide wide content since the audience are also involved in news collection. Most media organizations especially large national and multinational companies have adopted the intercast structure to gather information from the audience and the community as a whole, as well as, in presenting content to other audience. This normally happens through interviews both on television and off-air, commentary and analysis, opinion sections in newspapers and magazines and direct reporting from the audiences. Thus, this structure helps media organizations improve their interactivity with audiences, and hence, achieve audience loyalty. The distinct nature of the media industry has created need to adopt organization structures which enhance interactivity between the media organizations and the audience. Thus, most media organizations have adopted numerous interactivity as well as communication technology such as web blogs, websit es as well as discussion boards. These allow media organizations to understand their audiences and therefore develop programs and produce contents which meet the audiencesââ¬â¢ interest. The media industry is very distinctive due to the products that it offers to consumers. Content is produced to be distributed to the audience, and this makes the industry unique as compared to other industries. Content and audience therefore influences the structure of media organizations and the way the organizations operate. Media organizations have to adopt structures which allow them to provide quality content to the audience while reducing costs. Thus partnerships and concentrated-ownership structures have been adopted to help media organizations increase the quantity and quality of their content so as to reach more audiences while operating at lower costs. Reference List Albarran, A. B., Chan-Olmsted, S. M., and Wirth. M. O., 2006. Handbook of media management and economics. Mahwah, New Jer sey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 274-287. Barkin, S. M., 2002. American television news: The media marketplace and the public interest. Armonk, New York: Sharpe. P. 168. Bowman, S., and Willis, C., 2003. We media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and information. New York: The American Press Institute. Compaine, B. M., 1995. The impact of ownership on content: Does it matter? Cardozo Arts Entertainment Law Journal, 13, pp. 755-780. Compaine, B. M., and Gomery, D., 2000. Who owns the media? Competition and concentration in the mass media, 3rd ed. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 123. Cook, T., 1998. Governing with the news: The news media as political institution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 122. Craft, S., and Davis, C., 2000. New media synergy: Emergence of institutional conflicts of interest. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 15, pp. 219-231. Croteau, D., and Hoynes, W., 2001. The business of media: Corporate media and the public area. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. p. 54 Denison, L., Frenette, J., and Spavin, T. C., 2002. The measurement of local television news and public affairs programs. Washington DC: Federal Communications Commission. p. 243. Doyle, G., 2002. Understanding media economics. London: Sage. p. 211. Einstein, M., 2004. Media diversity: Economics, ownership, and the FCC. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Golding, P., and Murdock, G., 2005. Culture, communications and political economy. In J. Curran and M. Gurevitch (eds) Mass media and society. London: Hodder Arnold. pp 60-83. Hamilton, J. T., 2004. All the news thatââ¬â¢s fit to sell: How the market transforms information into news. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 287. Herrick, D., 2004. Media management in the age of giants: The business dynamics of journalism. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishers. p. 102. Hollifield, C., 2004. The economics of international media. In Alexander, A., et al (eds) Media econ omics: Theory and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. p. 83. Mcchesney, R., 2008. The political economy of media: Enduring issues, emerging dilemma. New York: Monthly Review Press. p. 44. Napoli, P., 2009. Media economics and the study of media industries. In J. Holt and A. Perren (eds) Media industries: History, theory, and method. New Jersey Wiley-Blackwell. pp 161-170. Napoli, P. M., 2004. Television station ownership characteristics and news and public affairs programming: An expanded analysis of FCC data information. The Journal of Policy, Regulation, and Strategy for Telecommunications, Information and Media, 6(2), pp. 112-121. Napoli, P M., 2003a. Environmental assessment in a dual-product marketplace: A participant-observation perspective on the broadcast television industry. International Journal of Media Management, 5, 100-108. Napoli, P. M. 2003b. Audience economics: Media institutions and the audience marketplace. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 64. Napoli, P . M. (2002). Audience valuation and minority media: An analysis of the determinants of the value of radio audiences. Journal of BroadcastingElectronic Media, 46, pp. 169ââ¬â184. Napoli, P. M. (2000). The localism principle under stress. Info: The Journal of Policy, Regulation, and Strategy for Telecommunications, Information and Media, 2, pp. 573ââ¬â582. Picard, R., 2002. The economics and financing of media companies. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 203. Sparrow, B. H., 1999. Uncertain guardians: The news media as a political institution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 46. Vogel, H., 2004. Entertainment industry economics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p.156. This essay on Media Management Norms in the Industry was written and submitted by user Aria Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-49518752990433244652019-11-25T14:18:00.001-08:002019-11-25T14:18:03.434-08:00Crime and Drug Use misc0 essaysCrime and Drug Use misc0 essays The link between drug use and crime is not a new one. For more than twenty years, both the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Justice have funded many studies to try to better understand the connection. One such study was done in Baltimore on heroin users. This study found high rates of criminality among users during periods of active drug use, and much lower rates during periods of nonuse (Ball et al. 1983, pp.119-142). A large number of people who abuse drugs come into contact with the criminal justice system when they are sent to jail or to other correctional facilities. The criminal justice system is flooded with substance abusers. The need for expanding drug abuse treatment for this group of people was recognized in the Crime Act of 1994, which for the first time provided substantial resources for federal and state jurisdictions. In this paper, I will argue that using therapeutic communities in prisons will reduce the recidivism rates among people who have been released from prison. I am going to use the general theory of crime, which is based on self-control, to help rationalize using federal tax dollars to fund these therapeutic communities in prisons. I feel that if we teach these prisoners some self-control and alternative lifestyles that we can keep them from reentering the prisons once they get out. I am also going to describe some of todays programs that have proven to be very effective. Gottfredson and Hirschi developed the general theory of crime. It According to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender are separate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegal activities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous. Crimes are committed when they promise rewards with minimum threat of pain or punishment. Crimes that provide easy, short-term gratification are often committed. The number of offenders may remain ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-1559019987660908972019-11-21T21:42:00.001-08:002019-11-21T21:42:03.254-08:00Sexual Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1Sexual Disorders - Essay Example Nowadays, there is a universal framework of sexual disorders in terms of their causes, i.e. the scheme which will be presented below, can be applied to various forms of sexual imbalance. As Krueger and Kaplan write, Freudian approach to sexual dysfunction (Freud and his disciples identified sexual disorders as a result of incomplete Oedipusââ¬â¢ and Electraââ¬â¢s complexes in males and females correspondingly) is out-of-date, as psychodynamic perspective has already proved its inconsistency unless it is combined with social psychological views ( Krueger and Kaplan, 2000). As the scholars write, human matrix of sexual behavior underlies in the set of accepted sexual norms. ââ¬Å"A forbidding, puritanical rejection of physical sexuality, including touching, by a parent engenders guilt and shame in a child and inhibits his capacity for enjoying sex and developing healthy intimate relationships as an adult. Relations with parents may be damaged by excessive emotional distance, by punitive behaviors, or by overt seductiveness and sexual exploitationâ⬠(Krueger and Kaplan, 2000). Fergusson adds to this viewpoint and claims that a number of sexual disorders are rooted in human guilt associated with masturbation (Fergusson, 1999), towards which the society has developed punitive attitudes so that the individual feels sexually marginalized (even though statistics suggests that about 97% males and 80% females satisfy their sexual needs on their own (ibid)) and thus impaired in terms of sexual performance. Furthermore, intensive and frequent sexual activity can also result in the ââ¬Ësexual tirednessââ¬â¢ and the emergence of sexual disorders, which serve the goals of sexual novelty and re-obtaining of intimacy (Federhoff et al, 1999). Furthermore, Federhoff and his colleagues hold that the gradual destruction of the bond between emotionality and sexuality leads to the mechanization of sexual life with following emergence of sexual Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-59788824776873099892019-11-20T17:34:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:34:05.825-08:00EU Policy in the Area of Communications AssignmentEU Policy in the Area of Communications - Assignment Example As set forth by the TVWFD, access to information is to be enforced such that all citizens may enjoy on free television the major sports and cultural events, or at least the public extracts featuring highlights of such events, that are of high public interest.à Also, the Directive mandates Member states to ensure freedom of reception and retransmission in their jurisdiction of television broadcasts from other Member states, except when the broadcast ââ¬Å"seriously and gravelyâ⬠threatens to impair ââ¬Å"the physical, mental or moral development of minors, in particular, those that involve pornography or gratuitous violenceâ⬠(Council of European Communities, 1989, p. 23).à à As set forth by the TVWFD, access to information is to be enforced such that all citizens may enjoy on free television the major sports and cultural events, or at least the public extracts featuring highlights of such events, that are of high public interest.à Also, the Directive mandates Me mber states to ensure freedom of reception and retransmission in their jurisdiction of television broadcasts from other Member states, except when the broadcast ââ¬Å"seriously and gravelyâ⬠threatens to impair ââ¬Å"the physical, mental or moral development of minors, in particular, those that involve pornography or gratuitous violenceâ⬠(Council of European Communities, 1989, p. 23).à à The rules imposed to the Directive are apparently too liberal and absolute, in favor of the free exchange of information, and too restrictive in the matter of Member states exercising their discretion to control the entry of harmful informational broadcast content.à This is not to say that there is no high-level commitment to the Directive, but particular circumstances may call into question the wisdom of an absolutist approach in the Directiveââ¬â¢s interpretation.à For instance, Germany has gained a reputation for its hardline stance against racial hate speech to uphold t he personal dignity right protected by Article One of the German Basic Law.à This is for good reason:à ââ¬Å"Suppose a nationalist government takes power in one of the new Member States and the German broadcasting authorities doubt that its broadcasting authority will clamp down on neo-Nazi programming â⬠¦ and show a documentary of David Irving, a notorious Holocaust denierâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Bignami, 2004, p. 129), then conceivably Germany may ban such broadcast within its jurisdiction. 3.à Analyze and discuss the reasons for the failure or success of transnational broadcasting projects in Europe. Include in your answer some reflection on the experience of a country of your choice.à Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-15785553971344347692019-11-18T17:29:00.001-08:002019-11-18T17:29:03.187-08:00Brown v the board of education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsBrown v the board of education - Research Paper Example In the middle of the twentieth century,the struggle for racial equality in the United States was reaching a boiling point.Since the end of slavery,African-Americans had been fighting for the same rights and privileges enjoyed by white Americans. By the 1950s, civil rights activists were gaining ground in efforts to desegregate American society. One of the areas in which segregation was a major problem was education. Black students were not allowed to attend school with white students, and their education suffered because of it. In 1896, the United States Supreme Court heard the case Plessy v. Ferguson, and ruled that racial segregation was not illegal, so long as segregated facilities were "separate but equal."1 In 1954, the case Brown v. Board of Education challenged this ruling and led to its repudiation. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that paved the way for integration and significantly impacted the civil rights movement. The case was brought to the Supreme Court by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund under the leadership of Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall. It was actually five cases that were heard under the name Brown v. Board of Education, after Oliver Brown, who was the lead of almost 200 plaintiffs.2 The unanimous ruling in Brown stated that ââ¬Å"separate but equalâ⬠schools and facilities were in fact ââ¬Å"inherently unequal... to cope with ordinary expressions of prejudice by regarding the prejudiced person as evil or misguided; but he cannot readily cope with symbols of authority, the full force of the authority of the Stateââ¬âthe school or the school board, in this instanceââ¬âin the same manner. 5 These feelings of inferiority were reinforced by the entirety of the society in which black children lived. It damaged their self-esteem and subsequently their chances for success later in life. Segregated education was not only harmful to childrenââ¬â¢s education, but also to their psyches. The Brown decision meant that black students would be able to attend the schools of their choice. Black schools were not only inferior in principle, they were inferior in practice, as well. Black schools employed black teachers who, because of segregation, had not had access to good educations themselves. They received fewer tax dollars due to the economic class of the neighborhoods in which the schools were lo cated, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Patterson, 49 2. Martin, Waldo E. Brown v. Board of Education: A Brief History with Documents (Boston, MA: Bedford St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 1998), 146 3. Ibid a system perpetuated by segregation. After the Brown decision, black students had access to an education equal to that of white students, resulting in subsequent generations of black teachers who could further equal education goals, in addition to black professionals who had benefitted from the educational opportunities Brown afforded them. The decision was not a popular one in many segments of the American south. Students were threatened by whites who were unhappy with the decision, and in many cases were physically blocked from entering schools Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-36546871600522884212019-11-16T06:01:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:01:06.206-08:00Discussion of Management of Patient TractionDiscussion of Management of Patient Traction 1. List nursing interventions and preventative management related to skeletal traction. a. The weights used by the patient should be known and recorded in the nursing documentation; the weights must not be removed from the skeletal traction unless a life-threatening situation happens for removal of these destroys their purpose. b. The traction system must be thoroughly checked at least once every shift or every 6 to 8 hours and always after some interventions such as moving a patient, physiotherapy, and radiographic examination because the system may be inadvertently altered. c. The nurse must guarantee that the cords are attached securely by standard knots that will not shift or come undone, the weights hang freely and should not rest on the floor nor catch or jam, the ropes are in the wheel grooves of the pulleys, and that the ropes are not frayed. d. The ends of the cords must be short or approximately 5cm and bound back to themselves with the use on an adhesive tape which will prevent fraying of the cord end and possible slipping and accidental disruption of the traction. The knot itself should also be uncovered. e. The pulleys must be free running and oiled to prevent squeaking and friction should be minimized, the efficiency is maintained and the patient should not be disturbed by noise. f. Pointed ends of the pins or wires used should always be covered to prevent injury not only to the patient but also to the staff. g. The nurse should also evaluate the patients position; the patient should be on a firm-based bed to give full support and comfort to allow efficient action of the traction system and prevent the patient from slipping down the bed. h. the nurse should maintain alignment of the patients body in traction as ordered by the physician which will promote an effective line of pull. i. The patients foot is positioned properly to prevent foot drop, inward rotation, and outward rotation otherwise the foot can be supported by orthopedic devices such as foot support to maintain a neutral position. j. The elbows and knees should be protected with the use of a semi permeable film dressing or protective wool and inspected for pressure ulcers because these parts of the body are often used by patients in repositioning themselves. Also, to prevent these parts from being injured, an overhead trapeze can be helpful for the patients movement. k. Back care should always be provided and bed should be kept dry and free from crumbles and wrinkles to prevent bed sores or pressure ulcers. l. If available, a pressure relieving air-filled or high density foam mattress overlay can be used to reduce risk for pressure ulcers. m. The bed linens should regularly be changed. The patient is instructed to raise his torso while the nurses on both sides of the bed will roll down and replace the upper mattress sheet and as the patient raises the buttocks off the mattress, the nurses will slide it under the buttocks. To finish the changing, the nurses will replace the lower part of the bed linens while the patient rests on his back. The traction should not be disrupted. n. The neurovascular status should be assessed initially every hour and then every 4 hours. o. The nurse should instruct the patient to report instantly if any change in sensation or movement happens. p. The patient should also be encouraged to do active flexion-extension ankle exercises and calf-pumping exercises ten times hourly to prevent venous stasis or DVT. Anti-embolism stocking and compression devices may be used for preventive measures. q. The nurse should also inspect for looseness of pins or wires and signs of infection at the sites where the traction is inserted every 8 hours. Purulent discharge, redness or inflammation may indicate infection, though these signs subside normally after 72 hours. r. Pins that are mechanically stable require weekly pin site care. The most recommended cleansing solution used is chlorhexidine solution. If early signs of infection are present, frequency of pin site care is increased. s. The nurse ensures that the site is only covered by a sterile absorbent non-stick dressing and rolled gauze for the first 48 hours. After this, loose cover dressing or none is suggested. A bandage will only be used if the patient is exposed to airborne dust. t. The nurse should instruct the patient to take showers within 5 to 10 days of pin insertion and encourage them to leave the pin exposed to water flow and dry them with a clean towel and left to open air. Dressing may be applied if ordered. u. The patient is encouraged to perform active exercises to prevent loss of muscle mass and strength and prolonged rehabilitation. The patient can perform the following: pulling up on the trapeze, flexing and extending the feet, ROM and weight-resistance exercises for the non-involved joints. v. Isometric exercises of the immobilized extremity such as gluteal-setting and quadriceps-setting exercises are important for maintaining strength in major ambulatory muscles. 2. Discuss a component of cast care for the pediatric client or adult client. Identify manifestations of compartment syndrome. After cast application, the nurse must teach the client to report the following: a. When the toes or fingers become blue, swollen or difficult and painful to move b. When the limbs become painful c. When the client feel numbness d. When the client have blister-like or burning pain e. Presence of discharges or wetness or unpleasant smell from the cast f. If the client dropped anything from the cast The nurse must also teach the client or the care taker the following proper care of the cast: a. The cast should be kept dry. Allowing it to dry naturally is a must and it should be left uncovered. b. External heat such as a hairdryer or by sitting in front of a fire should be prevented. c. If an irritation occurs under the cast, anything under the cast should never be poked. d. The skin around the cast should be washed daily and checked for redness or sores. e. The limb must not be hanged down especially on the first few days. f. Exercises for the fingers or toes and other joints of the body should be performed for 5 minutes every hour during the day. There are certain nursing interventions and care after cast application. The following will be discussed below. a. Self-care deficit The goal of care is for the client to maintain everyday activities to a level acceptable for him. The client may need help to achieve this level. The nurse must assess the clients capabilities which will depend to a number of factors such as the site of the cast, the previous level of independence, the support available from family or friends, and some may require referral to a social worker. b. Peripheral neurovascular impairment The goal of care is to reduce the risk of neurovascular impairment and identify any early complications. The nurse must do neurovascular observations and if neurovascular impairment such as compartment syndrome is suspected, the following interventions should be done: Inform the physician immediately Cease elevation of the limb because elevation can increase compartment pressure The cast should be split down to the skin. Threads of padding should not be left uncut for it can impair the circulation If local pressure on the nerve is present, a window is needed to be cut or the cast is bivalve Compartment syndrome requires immediate surgery. (I will duscuss it after these nursing diagnosis and care) c. Impaired skin integrity The goal of care is to indentify signs of localized pressure because cast may cause pressure or localized sores. These are the following signs that should be observed by the nurse: Itching beneath the plaster Burning pain; which should not be ignore because the tissues quickly becomes ischemic which leads to numbness and absence of pain Disturbed sleep, restlessness and fretfulness in children Swelling of the fingers or toes after the immediate swelling has subsided A characteristic offensive smell due to tissue necrosis Presence of discharge The nurse must know that extra padding to a cast can increase the pressure and the padding can fall further down the cast. Cotton wool should not be used for padding because it tends to be compressed into hard small pellets that can cause further problems when it falls into the cast and become lodged. A window should be cut carefully and removed as a whole piece for inspection of potential sore sites but the window should be replaced to prevent local edema. d. Risk for disuse syndrome (stiffness of the joint) The goal of care is to ensure that the adjacent joints retain their normal range of motion because stiffness will occur in joints held in a cast. Such exercises that was discussed before is vital in relation to the importance of using adjacent joints. e. Potential allergic reaction The goal of care is to prevent reactions in client known to have had a reaction in the past and for early detection of any reaction occurring in other clients. The nurse should check if the patient has known allergies. Signs or reaction should be observed such as itching, non-localized burning pain, rashes and blistering of the skin. If these occur, the physician is informed. The cast is removed, the skin is cleaned and a new cast is applied using a different material. Compartment Syndrome If the patient complaints that the cast is too tight, nerve compression and vascular insufficiency can occur due to unrelieved swelling. This can result to compartment syndrome. The cast may be bivalved to relive the pressure while maintaining alignment with the extremity elevated no higher than the level of heart to ensure arterial perfusion. If it is not relieved, fasciotomy is required to relieve pressure built up in the muscle compartment before irreversible damage occurs to the ischemic muscle. 3. Compare the nursing needs of a total hip replacement patient with a total knee replacement patient. Nursing Needs of a Total Hip Replacement Patient A patient with a total hip replacement requires monitoring for specific potential complications especially the dislocation of hip prosthesis. Nursing needs are more focused on the dislocation of the hip prosthesis. If the patient is undergoing a posterior or posterior-lateral approach for total hip arthroplasty, maintenance of the femoral head component in the acetabular cup is important. The leg should be positioned in abduction to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis. An abduction splint can be used to keep the hip in abduction. Hip should never be flexed more than 90 degrees. Limited flexion is maintained during transfers and when sitting. There are methods to avoid displacement of the hip such as keeping the knees apart at all times, putting a pillow between the legs when sleeping, never crossing the legs when seated, avoding positions such as bending forward when seated in a chair and when picking up an object on the floor. A higg seated chair should be used and a raised toilet seat. The hip should also not be flexed to put on clothing such as pants, stocking, socks, shoes, etc. Monitoring the wound drainage, preventing deep vein thrombosis and infection,are also important for the patient. Nursing Needs of a Total Knee Replacement Patient In other hand, a patient with total knee replacement focuses on the importance in encouraging active flexion of the foot every hour postoperatively, when awake. Also, drainage should range from 200 to 400mlduring the first 24 hours after the surgery and reduces to less than 25ml by 48 hours at which time drainage is removed by the surgeon. A continuous passive range of motion or CPM device combined with physical therapy will help improve the patients postoperative knee mobility and decrease use of analgesics. Usually, 10 degrees of extension and 15 degrees of flexion are prescribed initially, then increasing to 90 degrees of flexion with 0 or full extension by discharge. The knee is usually protected with a knee immobilizer and is elevated when the patient sits in a chair. Ambulation, use of assistive devices and within the prescribed weight bearing limits is encouraged on the day after surgery. 4. Discuss methods to avoid dislocation after hip replacement after surgery. There are several methods to avoid dislocation of the hip prosthesis. These are the following: a. The knees should be kept apart at all times. b. A pillow should be placed between the legs when sleeping. c. Legs should not be crossed when seated. d. Bending forward when sitting in a chair should be avoided. e. Bending forward to pick up an object on the floor should also be avoided. f. A high seated chair and a raised toilet seat should be used because the knees should be lower than the level of the hips when seated. g. The hips should not be flexed to put on clothing such as pants, stockings, socks, or shoes. 5. You are caring for a patient who has had skeletal traction placed to treat a fractured femur. Discuss nursing interventions and assessment techniques related to this type of treatment. When caring for a patient with a skeletal traction on a fractured femur, these arethe nursing interventions and assessment techniques the nurse must do: a. The nurse must check the traction system daily, at least every 6 to 8 hours and always after moving the patient. b. The nurse must also inspect for looseness of pins or wires and signs of infection such as discharge, redness and inflammation at the sites of insertion of the traction. c. Pin sites should be cleaned twice or once daily; chlorhexidine solution is the most recommended solution to use for cleaning. d. Skin breakdown should be prevented by covering the bony prominences used by the patient when moving such as the elbows and heel. e. An overhead trapeze is given to the patient for easy movement. f. The neurovascular status of the fractured femur should be assessed every 4 hours. g. The patient should be encouraged to do calf-pumping exercises for at least 10 times per hour to decrease the risk for deep vein thrombosis of the affected part. h. The use of anti-embolism stockings can also help prevent venous stasis. g. Active exercise such as pulling up on the trapeze, flexing and extending the feet and isometric exercises will maintain strength in major ambulatory muscles. i. Assisting the patient will self-care such as bathing, dressing and toileting is also one of the nurses responsibilities. j. The nurse must also monitor the patient for any potential complications such as DVT, constipation, etc. 6. A patient is being discharged with an external fixator for a fractured humerus. Discuss home care instructions for this patient. Home care instructions for a patient with an external fixator include the following: a. The nurse must demonstrate proper pin site care. The solution that must be used is chlorhexidine solution, and cleaning is once or twice a day. b. The nurse should inform the patient to notify the physician if signs of infection such as redness, tenderness, increased or purulent pin drainage occur. c. The nurse should also describe measures to control swelling and pain such as elevating the extremity to the heart level and taking prescribed analgesics. d. The nurse informs the patient to report uncontrolled pain upon elevation and use of analgesics for it could be an indicator of impaired tissue perfusion, compartment syndrome, or pin traction infection. e. The nurse should also let the patient demonstrate the ability to transfer and use mobility aids safely. 7. Identify various types of traction and the principles of effective traction. a. Skin Traction It is used to control muscle spasms and to immobilize an area before surgery. No more than 2 to 3.5kg of traction can be used on an extremity. b. Skeletal Traction It is applied directly to the bone and is used occasionally to treat fractures of the femur, tibia, and the cervical spine. Two types of pins are commonly used; the Steinmann pin, and the threaded pins such as Denham pin. There are also common types of traction used. These are the following: c. Straight-Leg Traction It is also known as Pughs traction which allows the traction cord to be fixed by trying it to for example, the end of the thomas splint or used as sliding traction using a pulley and weights. It is used as a temporary measure for fractured neck of femur injuries, to rest the hip or relieve pain or muscle spasm. d. Hamilton-Russell Traction It is traditionally been used for fractures of the neck and the shaft of the femur. The arrangement of the foot pulleys multiplies the traction force by 100%. To ensure Effective traction, avoidance of wrinkling and slipping of the traction bandage is important. Also, it is a must to maintain countertraction. Proper positioning is maintained to keep the leg in neutral position. Advice the patient not to turn from side to side. This will prevent bony fragments from moving against one another. 8. Discuss the use of Bucks traction, its uses and the involved nursing considerations. Bucks Extension traction is used to the lower leg. It is a type of skin traction that is used to immobilize fractures of the proximal femur before surgical fixation. During application of the Bucks Extension traction, excessive pressure is avoided over the malleolus and proximal fibula to prevent pressure ulcers and nerve damage. The prescribed weight is usually 5 to 8 pounds. 9. Discuss the nursing care for a patient undergoing orthopaedic surgery. a. Relieving pain is the first goal for the patient. Decreasing the discomfort by moving the affected bone or the injured joint can help. b. Elevation of the edematous extremity will promote venous return and reduce the discomfort. c. Giving alangesics as ordered, d. Monitoring and maintaining the neurovascular status of the patient. e. Assisting the patient in performing activities. f. Assessing the nutritional status and hydration by monitoring fluid intake, urinary output and urinalysis findings. g. Encouraging mobility immediately after surgery to promoted independence in ambulation. h. Assisting the patient in accepting body changes, diminished self-esteem and roles and responsibilities. SOURCES: Brunner and Suddarths textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 12th Edition Julia Kneale et. al. (2005) Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing 2nd Edition Web Assignment 1. Find a research article addressing health teaching needs for the patient with a cast. Explain your findings in a one-page paper. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/patient-information-cast-and-splint-care According to the article, a cast is used to protect your bone and reduce pain as it heals. Minimizing the risk for potential complications is important. It was enumerated in the article some cast care instructions and they are as follows; the cast should be kept above the level of the heart within 24 to 48 hours which can be accomplished by resting it on pillows. Also, fingers and toes where the cast is located should be moved gently. The ice keeps the swelling down. Applying a bag of ice of a bag of frozen vegetables covered with a thin towel to the cast for 20 minutes while awake reduces swelling. The patient should be reminded that ice is not applied directly into the skin. Pain medications should be taken as ordered such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen. The cast should not get wet. To bathe with a cast, cover the cast with a plastic bag and tape the opening shut. Then, the cast is hung outside the tub. Even if the cast is covered with a plastic, it should not be placed with water or allow the water to run over the area. There are waterproof cast available at medical supply stores but are not completely waterproof. A hair dryer on a cool setting can be used to dry the cat in case it got wet, it can also soothe itchiness. Warm or hot setting can burn the skin that is wise it is not advised to be used. A vacuum cleaner can also be used with a hose attachment to pull air through the cast and speed drying. The patient should always remember that the cast should be kept clean. Powder or lotion should not be applied near the cast and the cast should be covered when eating. The padding out from inside the cast must not be pulled. There are also instructions said when to seek care. These are as follows; if there are sore areas or a foul odor from the cast, cracks or breaks in the cast, or the cast feels too tight, if swelling is developed that causes pain and immobility of the fingers or toes, if tingling or numbness is felt on the affected part, if the fingers or toes are blue or cold, if there is severe pain in or near the affected part, and if it becomes soaking wet and does not dry with a hair dryer or vacuum. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6672222626629844311.post-56123026388255914332019-11-13T18:31:00.001-08:002019-11-13T18:31:02.952-08:00The Spotted Bat Essay -- Animal BiologyPicture a small delicate creature with a contrasting patch on each shoulder, white at the base of the ears and two huge pink ears. This creature is the spotted bat, also known as the pinto bat. It usually weighs sixteen to twenty grams with a total length of one hundred seven to one hundred fifteen millimeters. Its classification is Animalia Craniata Mammalia Chiroptera Vespertilionidae Euderma maculatum. (www.americanzoo.com) The spotted bat can be found in western North America: southern California east to New Mexico and from Montana south to Mexico. It?s most commonly found in habitats dominated by Utah juniper and sagebrush, sometimes intermixed with limber pine or Douglas-fir, or in grassy meadows in ponderosa pine savannah. Cliffs, rocky outcrops, and water are other attributes of sites where spotted bats have been located. Spotted bats roost in caves, and in cracks in cliffs and canyons, with which this species is consistently associated. The spotted bat can crawl with ease on both horizontal and vertical surfaces. There is a possibility that these bats migrate south... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16312608178998384738noreply@blogger.com0