King Lear Imagery Seminar

Symbolism/Imagery/Allegory in King Lear * The Storm (Imagery)Pathetic Fallacy: By acting irresponsibility, Lear as a King and then as a father causes a universal upheaval in the order of the universe. This upheaval is reflected and reinforced by the use of imagery (Pathetic Fallacy). The storm is a part of the universal disorder and is presented in a very artistic manner. The storm is significant as it stands for external as well as internal human naturepresents the inner nature of human beings * In Act 3, Lear rushes from a fight with his daughters into a raging thunderstorm.The combination of thunder and lightning is pretty much what is going on inside Lear's mind, from his fury at his daughters to his impending madness. At one point, Lear admits there's a â€Å"tempest in [his] mind† that's not unlike the storm that rages on the heath (3. 4. 4. ). In other words, the literal storm on the heath is a pretty accurate reflection of Lear's psychological state. * One can argue th at the storm parallels Britain's fall into political chaos. Remember, Lear has divided his kingdom, civil war is  brewing, and the King (Lear) is being treated pretty shabbily by his daughters and some of his other subjects.Alternatively, the powerful storm in which Lear gets caught up is a dramatic demonstration of the fact that  all  humans, even kings, are completely vulnerable to overpowering forces like nature. * The beasts (Imagery): The bestial images and the images of darkness also convey the impression of disorder in the universe. The bestial/animal imagery is partly designed to show man’s place in the chain of being, and bring out the sub-human nature of evil character. It is also used to show man’s weakness compared with animals’ and partly to compare man’s life to the life of the jungle.Because of the bad behaviour of Goneril and Regan, Lear hates them and calls them worse than monsters â€Å"More hideous when thou show’st theeln a child than sea monster. † Then turning to Goneril, he calls her â€Å"gilded serpent† when he comes to know her reality. She is often called â€Å"tiger† and â€Å"sharp-toothed† (vulture), while Regan is called â€Å"most serpents like†. To reveal the evil nature of both sisters, bestial imagery is employed very often as they are called â€Å"adderas† by Edmund. * Moreover in King Lear, the animal imagery is organized around compatible or somewhat foolish i. . deer, cat, dog, rat, cow, serpent, geese, snakes, dragon, foxes, and sparrows. They help to draw the moral drift of the play. They are set up to reinforce or to oppose each other. * Images of darkness and disease: The images of darkness and diseases are used to show chaos and disturbance in nature. In the play, one is conscious all through of the atmosphere of buffeting, strain, and strife, and, at moments, of bodily tension to the point of agony. So naturally does this flow from th e circumstances of the drama and the mental suffering of Lear.This sensation is increased by the generally floating images. To show the human body in torture, the words like â€Å"tugged†, wrenched beaten†, â€Å"scalded†, â€Å"tortured† and â€Å"finally broken on the rake†, are used. Lear, in his agonized remorse, pictures himself as a man wrenched and tortured by an â€Å"engine†. He realizes his follies and he beats his head that lets his folly in. Goneril has the power to shake him with her tongue, the hot tears break from his heart. Lear cries that his heart â€Å"will break into a hundred thousand flaws†.Albany wonders how far Goneril’s eyes may pierce. Gloucester’s flawed heart is cracked, and finally it â€Å"burst smilingly. Kent longs to â€Å"tread† Oswald into mortar. Lear cried painfully â€Å"It is more than murder†. The Fool declares man torn into pieces by gods. Gloucester also cries, â₠¬Å"As flies to wanton boys, are we to gods; they kill us for their sport†. The sense of bodily torture continues to the end. Lear tells Cordelia that he is bound â€Å"Upon a wheel of fire that my own tears do scald like molten lead†. The use of verbs and images of bodily torture are almost continuous and they are used to draw the direct picture as in the treatment of Gloucester; who is equally â€Å"blind† like Lear when it comes to telling the difference between his â€Å"good† son (Edgar) and his bad offspring (Edmund) – Gloucester can't tell that Edmund has manipulated him into believing Edgar wants him dead. Later, Gloucester doesn't even recognize his son Edgar, who has disguised himself as â€Å"Poor Tom† the beggar.Eventually, Gloucester's eyeballs are plucked out, making his literal blindness symbolic of his inability to â€Å"see† the truth about his children. Finally, â€Å"he is bound to a chair, plucked by the beard, his hair is ravished from his chin, and with his eyes blinded and bleeding, he is thrust out of the gates to smell his way to Dover†. * In  King Lear, there's a whole lot of talk about literal vision and metaphorical blindness, especially when it comes to fathers â€Å"seeing† their children for who they really are. When Lear mistakenly believes that Cordelia is disloyal and orders her â€Å"out of [his]  sight,† his pal, Kent, gives him the following advice: â€Å"See better, Lear† (1. 1. 14). In other words, Kent implies that Lear is â€Å"blind† to the fact Cordelia is the â€Å"good† daughter while Goneril and Regan are a couple of evil spawn. We can take this a step further by saying that the root of all Lear's problems is his lack of good judgment – he foolishly divides his kingdom, stages a silly love test to determine which daughter cares for him the most, etc. After Lear is booted out by Regan in her palace, he exclaims: †Å"We'll no more meet, no more see one another: but yet thou art my flesh, my blood, my daughter; or rather a disease that's in my flesh, which I must needs call mine: thou art a boil, a plague-sore, an embossed carbuncle, in my corrupted blood. (2. 4. 29). When Lear goes off on Goneril, he insists she's more like a â€Å"disease that's in [his] flesh† than a daughter (his â€Å"flesh and blood†). Goneril, he says, is â€Å"a boil, a plague-sore,† a nasty little â€Å"carbuncle† and so on. In other words, Goneril, is kind of like a venereal disease. ) Lear is really good at insults this is a pretty elaborate way for Lear to tell Goneril that she  makes him sick. On the one hand, this passage is in keeping with just about everything else Lear says about women (especially Goneril and Regan) – Lear frequently associates women with sexual promiscuity and pretty much blames all the problems in the world on the ladies. * Something similar is at work inà ‚  King Lear. When Lear imagines that  his body  is diseased, we can't help but notice that his  kingdom  is also not doing so well.After all, it's just been hacked up into pieces by Lear and, with Goneril and Regan (and their spouses) now in charge, it's quickly becoming a  corrupt  place. What's more, civil war (not to mention a war with France) is on the horizon. In King Lear's mind, the corruption of his kingdom is caused by Goneril and Regan so, it's not so surprising that he refers to Goneril (in the passage above) as a â€Å"plague-sore. † * Nakedness vs. Clothing (Imagery): When Edgar disguises himself as â€Å"Poor Tom†, he chooses to disguise himself as a naked beggar.Then, in the big storm scene, Lear strips off his kingly robes. Lear has seen Poor Tom (naked) and asks, â€Å"Is this man no more than this? † Then, presumably to find out if man is indeed â€Å"no more than this†, he strips down to his birthday suit. Shakespeare seems to be implying that all men are vulnerable. In fact, man is nothing more than â€Å"a poor bare, forked animal† (3. 4. 10). Donning rich and opulent clothing (like Goneril and Regan do), then, is merely a futile attempt to disguise man’s true, defenceless nature. Nothingness (Symbol): Shakespeare plays on the word â€Å"nothing† and the idea of nothingness or emptiness throughout  King Lear. Here are a few significant moments from the play: In Act 1, when Lear stages his love test and asks Cordelia â€Å"What can you say to draw a third [of the kingdom] more opulent than your sisters? â€Å", Cordelia replies, â€Å"Nothing. † Lear can't believe what he's hearing. â€Å"Nothing will come of nothing,† he tells her. â€Å"Speak again. † (In other words, you'll get absolutely  nothing  from me unless you speak up about how much you love me. By the way, the phrase â€Å"Nothing can come of nothing† is a variation on the famous ph rase â€Å"ex nihilo nihil fit† – that's Latin for â€Å"from nothing, nothing comes,† which is an ancient Greek philosophical and scientific expression. The word â€Å"nothing† shows up again in the play when the Fool tells Lear he is nothing without his crown and power: â€Å"now thou art an O without a figure. I am better than thou art now; I'm a fool, thou art nothing† (1. 4. 17). According to the Fool, King Lear is a zero and is no better than a â€Å"shealed peascod† (an empty peapod).The Fool also calls the retired king â€Å"Lear's shadow,† which suggests that Lear, without his crown, is merely a shadow of his former self. The idea is that Lear, (whose status has changed since retirement) is  nothing  without his former power and title. To sum up, imagery plays an important part in King Lear. The play is a complex work and makes use of imagery effectively to convey the themes, and to give poignancy to the action. The disru ption caused by Lear’s initial inability and refusal to â€Å"see better† is reflected in the images of darkness, animalism, and disease.

Ethics Paper Essay

The role of ethics and social responsibility are vital to the success of business. This also is very important to the stakeholders and should be even more important to management executives who have to make the decisions on whether to be ethical or unethical. This seems like a no brainer, but top level officials have the daunting task of making difficult decisions that affects groups involved in the success of the company. This paper will bring into focus the ethics and social responsibility in creating a strategic plan while taking in consideration stakeholder needs and agendas. Business Ethics is a form of ethics, which examines the ethical principles, and moral problems that occur in a business today. Ethics plays an important role in business today by establishing policies, procedures, and practices when creating a strategic plan. One such policy to have as a driving force for the company is a code of ethics, which outlines how an employee should behave while on the job. Having a code of ethics in place will not only help employee’s behavior, but the implementation of strategic plan of guidelines that will take in consideration for stakeholder needs and agendas. Social responsibilities are the responsibilities of private corporations to society that goes beyond that of making a profit. When implementing a new strategic plan you have to take in account the affects it will have on society as well as the organization. Strategic decisions influence other entities internally and externally. For instance, a decision to down size by closing some distribution centers and discontinuing manufactured goods, affects not only the employees, but also the neighborhoods where the plants are located. This also hinders the consumers and suppliers with having no other source for the discontinued products (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). These types of decisions bring forth questions as to regarding, the appropriateness of certain missions, objectives, and strategies of businesses. Management must be able to come to compromise the difference in interests in an ethical manner to formulate a realistic strategic plan to meet the needs of the stakeholders. To answer this question, the corporation may need to engineer a strategy, which can explicitly articulate the organization with the role of ethics with stakeholders. This requires not only that management a clear picture of the organization key ethical approach but also that it understands the organization societal context, and undertakes stakeholder analysis to identify the issues and duties of each stakeholder (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010, pg.76). While researching an industry that continues to overstep it’s boundaries for stakeholder agendas. Pfizer, the world largest pharmaceutical company has been continually marketing and selling drugs with unapproved uses. In 2004 Pfizer plead guilty to two felony counts of marketing a drug for unapproved uses and paid 430 million in fines and penalties (Evans, 2009). United States attorney’s office was assured by Pfizer lawyers that they will stop promoting drugs for unauthorized purposes. Five years later Pfizer plead guilty again for directing over 100 salespeople to promote Bextra, another unapproved medication. The fine this time was an America’s highest recorded fine ever of 1.19 billion. Since May 2004, Pfizer, Eli Lilly & Co., Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and four other pharmaceutical companies have paid a total of $7 billion in fines and penalties for marketing drug for unapproved uses (Evans, 2009). This shows that not only Pfizer, but other pharmaceutical companies are taking the approach of maximizing profits for the sake of stakeholders. In the readings it states that shareholders were unmoved by the actions of the company because each time the company had to pay out billions in penalties the share price went up (Evans, 2009). This practice of marketing and selling unapproved medications have shown how irresponsible, unethical, and socially unaware these companies are. Lives are being lost or changed forever because of some of the side effects of these medications that are being push by these organizations for a buck. To prevent such heinous acts we need only one of the pharmaceutical giants to step up and implement a strategic plan using more of an ethical approach in producing new drugs to the market. This can be attain by having the research done well in advance, publically documenting their finding, have more transparent marketing strategies, and making sure that all medications are FDA approve first before any distribution of a single pill. Another strategy to improving the industry is by using the input of the stakeholders which can give other alternatives to what route can the industry can use to maximize the benefits for all. In conclusion we can clearly see the importance of roles of ethics and social responsibilities are within an organization’s strategic plans. Once a company has put itself in a position to use ethics and society to govern it duties to make sure business is held to a standard higher values. Only then will organizations such as Pfizer will understand that it’s more about the people than the profit. Stakeholders have a pivotal role in the advance of business because each company that have taken notice continues to thrive today even in a recession.

Compare and contrast the movie and poem Howl Essay

Compare and contrast the movie and poem Howl - Essay Example In this essay, an attempt is being made to compare and contrast the poem ‘Howl’ against the film by the same name and analyze the contrasts and similarities found in both these media. The speaker explains in the first section of how he was a sad witness to the destruction caused to some of â€Å"the best minds† in the generation during which he lived, thereby reviving the Beatnik era once again. Following the riotous era of Rock and Roll, they were the first to initiate and disengage themselves from the orderly post-war years. Following them was the age of Hippies, Woodstock and the rest that came behind. (Roger Ebert, 2010) The young generation was primarily Ginsberg’s audience because they were able to identify themselves with it, since the poem was capable of touching the inner core of their being. A good example of this can be seen in the opening lines of the poem which says – However, ‘Howl’ the film evokes a more balanced and serious presentation with a more youthful Allen Ginsberg wearing a pair of horn-rimmed spectacles and does not look anything like the ‘angel-head hipster’ (Allen Ginsberg, 1955, p.1) destroyed by madness. Secretly, he did nurture a desire to be one, but somehow couldn’t bring himself to reveal the secret he had within his heart. However, in the film ‘Howl’, he reluctantly discloses that he did not wish to publish his poem, because he did not want his father to find out the secret, which was his homosexuality. Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, the writer- directors of the film ‘Howl’ took into account the new Beat scene with its smoky coffee- houses, where the reading of poetry was quite common. James Franco plays Ginsberg with due meticulousness and restraint and is shown in a 1955 coffee house reading the poem, as smoke envelops the audience, giving the scene a very authentic appeal. Another important

The Field Trip in Miami Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Field Trip in Miami - Essay Example On the first day of our trip, we visited the Fruit and Spice Park. This is a very large tropical botanical garden located in Miami. The 37-acre park is a public facility under the full ownership and management of the Miami Dade County Park and Recreation Open Space. Indeed, a visit to this park was worthwhile because it had lots of benefits to us. Apart from experiencing the pleasant tropical climate at the garden, we got an ample opportunity to see a lot of plants that we had never seen before. These consisted of different varieties of spices, fruits, nuts, vegetables, herbs and a wide range of plant specimens. It was so interesting to visit the park because it has a large pool of plant species to enjoy viewing. Thus, by being active tourists, we had to see and learn much about the numerous species of bamboo, bananas, and mango that are showcased at the park. After enjoying the beauty of the Fruit and Spice Park, we spent the rest of the time sampling and having a taste of the variety of foods and drinks offered at the garden. Here, we ate a well-prepared meal of banana salsa that was served alongside chips, pumpkins, star food, guava, avocados, and jackfruits. This was a very sweet food that not only satisfied us but left us yearning for more. What pleased me most is that the food was prepared using the ingredients from the park thus becoming purely natural. Meanwhile, I was particularly amazed by the Miranda fruit that I tasted at the end of our trip. After hearing about it for so long, I just could not believe that the exotic berry could actually make me taste a sour food as sweet one for up to two hours after its consumption. After leaving the Fruit and Spice Park, we proceeded to Oolite Restaurant and Bar, Lincoln Road, Miami. Here, we had a chance to eat and drink a lot of foods and drinks as well as enjoying the beauty of this great facility.

Feedback to the previous 2 argument design paper's comments Essay

Feedback to the previous 2 argument design paper's comments - Essay Example In this argument paper, I used the necessary evidence to support my position, but did not define utopianism. My choice of language did not clearly put my supported position, which was a considerable flaw of my initial argument design paper. The paper was not argumentative, and I failed to use the necessary structure and format to make my writing an argumentative paper as I did not correctly highlight the concept, argument, evidence and conclusion. I used exceptionally good grammatical language though it had some minor errors in the paper, which could have been avoided by being keen. With the teacher’s comment, I was able to correct wrongly presented evidence. In my original argument design paper, I had stated that CCP required intensive and extensive ideological work among the peasants which was not necessarily the truth as they needed to work on some sections of the bourgeoisie, the intellectuals, and upper class people. By highlighting that the paper failed to qualify as an ADP, I carefully restructured my paper and presentation of the evidence to finally write a persuasive argumentative paper. The teacher’s comments highlighted weaknesses in my paper, which helped me write better by going over the literature again making me understand some key concepts I had overlooked. I wrote a good argumentative paper with superb presentation of evidence but failed to write a satisfactory conclusion. I used outdated evidence, which is not acceptable, and the paper had some grammatical mistakes. With the teacher’s comments, I was able to correctly write some of the statements with all the necessary information that I had omitted. I corrected the grammatical mistakes and paraphrased some of the sentences to make them have more impact and meaning. I corrected the weaknesses in my conclusion that were occasioned by the wrong choice of words, tense and sentence structure and was able to write a persuasive conclusion. I

Outline the process of economic and social change envisaged by Essay

Outline the process of economic and social change envisaged by Modernisation Theorists. Critically discuss their contention that the Western model of developmen - Essay Example ry have been thoroughly examined by researchers trying to identify its strengths/ weaknesses but also its role in the development of less – benefited countries (referring especially to the countries of the Third World). It should be noticed that the development of modernization theory has been quick and multi-dimensional – possibly influenced by the simultaneous development of globalization (Dtiglitz, 2002). Trying to locate the historical roots of this theory, Blaney et al. (2002) was led to the conclusion that modernization theory could have started in the previous centuries having being transformed through the years in order to meet the new political and social standards – the so-called – neo modernization theory. Regarding this issue it is noticed by the above researchers that since the putative end of the Cold War, modernization is increasingly reimagined as a global process— as an expanding liberal zone of peace, a global civil society, or as emerging forms of global governance’ (Blaney et al., 2002, 103). This form of modernization theory has been also characterized as being part of the International Relations – a concept developed through the years in order to explain the models of cooperation among the states, the role of governments, and the power of international authorities/ bodies to intervene in order to settle disputes of international character – being developed between members of the international community. The above role of modernization theory in the development of international relations has been explained by Blaney et al. (2002) as follows: ‘while modernization theory implicitly relies on IRs freezing of difference into geopolitical containers, it also projects a natural and universal developmental sequence through which all cultures must pass’ (Blaney et al., 2002, 103). Under these terms, modernization theory could be regarded as being part of the political efforts for the improvement of cooperation among the states

Report discussing from an administration and security perspective, the Essay

Report discussing from an administration and security perspective, the role and function of SAMBA within a UNIX network - Essay Example Organizations use Linux servers when it comes to the protection, reliability and perfection. Although, the Microsoft has a vast variety of software and products, still Linux based server are maintained for storing research data, financial data, demographics of any sort vice versa. Due to Linux non user friendly environment, it cannot be used for workstations. A Microsoft window is more users friendly and has lots of accessibility options which make it advanced in this compartment. These days most of the organization wants to provide access to the data which has been maintained on the Linux server. Apart from the Linux server, all the servers and workstation are running on the Microsoft Windows environment. The Samba server needs to be installed on either any one of them; it can be installed on Linux server or Microsoft windows server for providing access to the files stored in Linux server. If printing services are required from the Linux machine to the Windows Platform, or either way, the Samba server will do it for you. There are many definitions on the World Wide Web. www.Stason.org defines that â€Å"SAMBA is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to access UNIX file space and printers via the SMB (Session Message Block) protocol†. Another good definition is given on www.Ubuntu .com which states that â€Å"Samba is an implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol for the Unix systems, providing support for cross-platform file and printer sharing with the Microsoft Windows, the OS X, and the other Unix systems†. The software must contain the source code and there will be no restriction in distribution of the source code. The source code can be easily accessible through a free-of-charge website. The source code must be in a programmable form so that the programmer can modify the software as per requirement. The license must allow a different name or version number of the software if the

Globalisation And Regionalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalisation And Regionalisation - Essay Example Consequent to the implementation of the neo-liberal economic agenda upon the global economy, implying the removal of barriers to trade and most forms of protectionism, 90% of the global GDP was owned and controlled by just under 20% of the North's citizens, while 20% of the South's citizens controlled and owned under 1% of the global GDP ('Why the World,' 2005). In addition to that, and as Longsworth (1999) reports, the combined wealth of Microsoft's three top executives exceeds the combined wealth of fifty LDCs. Indeed, globalisation has substantially and dangerously expanded the gap between the haves and the have-nots, as evidenced through the fact that the income gap between the fifth of the world's people living in the richest countries and the fifth in the poorest was 30:1 in 1960, 60:1 in 1990,and jumped to 74:1 in 1997 (Indonesia's despair,'2000). Economic statistics establish globalisation as an instrument for the transference of wealth and resources from the South to the nor th, from the poor to the rich and not, as its proponents have claimed a strategy for the elimination of poverty and underdevelopment. The means by which globalisation transfers wealth and resources from the have-nots to the haves are, within the context of any discussion on regionalization versus globalisation, extremely informative. Globalisation, as earlier stated, has imposed neo-liberal economic agendas upon national economies, dictating the virtual withdrawal of states from their domestic economies and constraining their powers to exercise protectionism, if only to allow their infant industries the space and time to grow and stabilize. As Schwam-Baird (2003) writes, insofar as both developing and single national economies are concerned, the consequences are potentially... The United States, both fuelled and fortified by its multinationals has emerged, not only as the world's only superpower but as an unequaled and unmatched force. More importantly, it is a force which is determined to overwhelm and consume other nations. Single economies, irrespective of their individual strength, cannot resist this power/force alone but can as a collectivity. Indeed, they can should they respond through the formation of their own `empire,' a union of nations which, besides being capable of surviving globalization, possibly thriving under it, can emerge as a counterforce to the American empire. Consequently, from this interpretive perspective, not only is regionalization a strategy for survival under, and resistance to, globalization but it is, potentially, a project for the resistance of the American Empire through the recreation of the bipolar world order. In the final analysis, regionalization is, quite incontrovertibly, a counterforce to globalization, with it bei ng quite valid to argue that, as a phenomenon, it rose in direct response to globalization. This should hardly be surprising considering the fact that globalization functions as a very real threat, not only to the economic survival, political independence and national sovereignty of the nations of the South but, to the countries of the North. Regionalisation, as such, emerges as a strategy for the pooling of national resources and unifying for the maximisation of strength and, hence, capacity to resist and survive.

The Effects of Eating Fast Food Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Eating Fast Food Essay Americans have been choosing fast food as a replacement for classic homemade meals for many of years. It is fast and convenient, but the negative effects outweigh the good effects by a long shot. Eating fast food daily affects Americans’ health, diet, leaves a hole in their pocket, and even changes their everyday mood. The effects might not be seen right away, but after time they will start to add up. It has been proved that replacing a homemade meal with fast food has had a huge effect on Americans’ health. It does not take a scientist to figure out that fast food is not a good choice. Basically, fast food is high in calories, salt, sodium, and fat. This can cause weight gain and diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and that is just naming a few. A survey of how often Americans ate fast food in the last 60 days states that 25% of Americans have eaten fast food everyday and it is only rising (Ludwig). If we do not act soon about this, the numbers can only get worse. Fast food has changed America as a whole but it affects their diet the most. Fast food contains double the amount of calories as home cooked meals do. A 2007 survey from Hara Marano’s journal, â€Å"The Far Reach Of Fast Food,† found that the average fast food lunch in New York totaled 827 calories. That is almost half of an average American’s daily calorie intake. With more and more fast food commercials advertising a new burger or a new sandwich, it makes it even more tempting to make a quick stop at a fast food restaurant. Students who have open campuses at schools or colleges over Schell 5 the lunch period are pretty much obligated to go for fast food. They are short on time and need something fast and cheap. It may seem like a plus at first. Fast and cheap food, why not? Students are so short on time they tend to forget about what they are putting in their mouth. Americans are spending $110 billion annually on fast food, as stated by Marcella and Greta’s article, â€Å"Avoid The Fast Food Trap. † Money spent on fast food could go towards payments for a higher education, mortgage, computers, or new automobiles. Which is a better choice? 5. 6% of Americans’ income goes to fast food (Durand ). For a person to realize how much of their money is going to fast food, save it instead and count it after a few months. It is amazing how much money is being spent on food. After filling up after a quick meal, the feeling is often happy or satisfied. That feeling will not last for long because it also causes depression. According to Kelly Brownell’s article, â€Å"In Your Face: How the Food Industry Drives Us to Eat,†it is a proven fact that fat, greasy food can negatively change a mood. It also stated that if an average American eats it at least three times a week he or she is 50% more likely to develop depression. This is a lose-lose situation because eating a lot of fast food is proven to cause depression, but Americans who are depressed tend to turn to food. Some can completely disagree on every negative effect that was stated above. They argue that it is cheap and affordable and it makes your children happy. They must have not thought about the prices of their hospital bills once they develop diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or become obese. They argue Schell 6 that it makes your children happy, so why not give them what they want. If they get what they want while growing up they will soon become used to it and will think of fast food as an everyday meal. Not to mention, restaurants that serve fast food provide Americans with job opportunities. That is one positive effect of the rising fast food restaurants being built. Therefore, the unemployed will be able to get an easy job causing the unemployment rate to go down. However, working around food only makes it more tempting to eat a quick burger or scarf down a few fries on break. Lastly, Americans should realize that the bad factors outweigh the good when it comes to eating fast food every single day. Also that it is not worth replacing the classic, tasty homemade meals. Saving more time by going through the drive thru sounds more important at the time but it is not worth it in the end. A homemade meal takes, at the most, 60 minutes of an American’s day to make a healthier, tastier meal. Fast food affects Americans’ long term health. It changes their diet and it soon becomes hard to control. It is proven that it causes depression and it starts to take a toll on your wallet.

Theology Proper Essay Example for Free

Theology Proper Essay The study of God is known as Theology Proper. This study is vital in knowing and experiencing the one true God. God goes by many names and He has revealed Himself to us, through His word and though revelation. By studying Theology Proper we can discover much about the Character of God like His attributes, His law and His will. When studying Theology Proper there are two different categories of studying God’s attributes. There are His absolute attributes and His comparative attributes. His absolute attributes are simply who and what God is. God is absolutely Holly, God is absolutely love and God is absolutely Good. These are unchangeable and consistent attributes of God. He can’t be any more or any less of any of these; if He were, He would not be the perfect holy, loving and good God that the Bible teaches. God also has comparative attributes. These attributes are ones that can be more difficult for our human minds to comprehend. God is Omniscient, which means He is all knowing. He knows everything, from every thought to every action that will ever be made. God is Omnipresent; this means that He is everywhere all the time. God is beyond time and space, so in essence no one is ever alone at any given point in time. God is finally Omnipotent, this means that he is all-powerful. God created the earth and rose from the dead. He can do all things and He chooses when to use his divine power for His purpose. God’s law is vital to know when studying Theology Proper. By knowing God’s law for His creation we can better understand His purpose for our lives. The law of God isn’t just an idea of what’s right and wrong, it is an expression of the nature of God. It is a revelation. Through God’s law, creation is controlled and God’s desires are carried out. Because we are sinful by nature, we must live under the law (not necessarily the mosaic law), without the law there can be not judgment or sanctification. The law is necessary for human existence. God is impartial, which means he must judge every violation of His law. Because of God’s perfect nature He cannot overlook the violation of His law. In order to know the Will of God when studying Theology Proper we must realize how this can be done. We can know God’s perfect will through prayer and talking with God. We can learn His will through studying His word and through listening to the Holy Spirit. These are ways God reveals His will to us. We can also know His will through divine circumstance and by being active in our faith. By being closer to God through these examples we are able to better understand God’s will for our lives. In conclusion we can better understand the study of Theology Proper and ultimately, better understand out Creator. Furthering our understanding of God’s attributes, God’s law and God’s will.

Consequences Of Cheating In Exams

Consequences Of Cheating In Exams In todays age when you look at the word Cheating, you may find many different definitions or meanings. Whether you cheat at work; known as fraud, cheat at home; known as dishonesty, or at school, this act of conduct can lead to many consequences made by ones choice. Cheating is defined in the dictionary as, to deceive by trickery; swindle, however the dictionary fails to tell you if it is right or wrong to cheat. People have many different beliefs when it comes to cheating; some think its fine to do while others completely disapprove. School systems today are so lenient in their rules, guidelines and consequences; thus causing cheating, copying or forgeries to be frequently used. Many students take advantage of copying someone elses work whenever they are given the chance. Other times, students will simply have someone else do their work and turn it in as their own, not realizing the effects this behavior can create. This creates a lack of creativity, no sense of responsibility and the students will never acquire new knowledge. These practices of cheating, copying and forgery by students are unethical and should be brought to the surface whenever possible. Students that copy other students work are hurting themselves in the long run. Their creativity level drops every time they copy or have someone else do their work. After a while of copying and forging, the students ability to think creatively and successfully becomes next to nothing. Educators must continue to socialize students of all ages about the importance of maintaining high ethical standards,. The educational system is where students learn these tricks and proceed to carry them on into there professional careers. Corners are too easy to cut these days, and in order for people to keep their minds as functional as possible, they need to do their own work. It is too easy for students to buy a students paper that had the same class the quarter before, reword it a little, and turn it in as their own. Students are no longer able to write a fictional story by themselves because the computer or someone else can do it for them. Students also begin to lose the sense of responsibility when they have other people do their work. They dont feel that they have to do anything to pass a class, only that as long as they turn in a paper, their thoughts or not, they will receive credit for the assignment along with a passing grade. This creates the feeling that life will always be a handed to them on a silver platter. This type of thinking is what is going into the work environment when these people leave the education system. Employers dont want workers that cant pull their own weight, and that is all they are going to get from these people that think cutting corners is all right. Even worse is when these people that cut the corners hold management positions. These crooked managers infringe on the ethical workers by asking them to do unethical practices on the job, such as asking their factory workers to pretend they didnt see the failing scores from the health and safety inspections. Thanks to ethical resisters some of these unethical practices are being brought to the surface, exposed and corrected. Along with losing their creativity, the students that copy others work never get to feel that sense of accomplishment that comes when the paper you have been working on is finally complete. They dont get the uplifting feeling when they get their paper back and they have received a good score. The feeling isnt there because the work isnt their own. They use other people to receive the score, but they feel nothing. If they never have that feeling, there is nothing to motivate these people to do better the next time around. Yet, there may be one thing that is the worst of all when people pass off someone elses work as their own. That would be that the forger doesnt gain any knowledge. People can only learn from the things they do, and if someone else is doing their work, they are never going to learn anything. Making mistakes and learning from them may be one of the most effective methods of learning. For instance, if a student performs extremely poorly on a very important paper, chances are that student will always remember what they did wrong and what would have been better. Where as the same student wont even remember the lecture that was taught for an entire week straight. If people dont do the work themselves, they can never learn from their mistakes. These people that cheat will go through life expecting someone else to always be there to do their work. When the time comes that they will actually have to do the work themselves, they arent going to have a clue on where to start. They wont know to take responsibility for the things they do and they will never be able to think something up on their own. They will be so used to simply grabbing someone elses work that they will fail at anything they try to accomplish themselves. These people need to be stopped not only for their sake but because it is not fair to the people whose work they are always stealing. People work hard and should receive credit for the things they do, the people that dont work hard, should not receive credit. We must reward the ethical resisters that are brave enough to speak up when they notice these unethical practices taking place. For ethical resisters are,indeed, the heart of a national resolve for individual responsibility on behalf of the common good Cheating in academics is never the proper way to achieve academic greatness, but it can be an easy way out for any level student. In less technical days, cheating in education was left to hiding notes in odd places or glancing over another students shoulder. Teachers were able to catch cheaters either by visual proof or evidence within the similarities of test. Cheating held consequences but nothing that could ruin an educational future. Todays technology is so advanced that cheating is on a whole other level. Computers, cell phones, and hand held devices all add to the cheating craze that has swept high school and college level education. Different technologies provide different ways to cheat that make teachers and professors jobs to educate a bit more difficult. The cheating era has made cheating a more serious offence with education ending consequences. Computers come in small packages in present day and can offer students the opportunity to cheat more accessible. Not all cheating is done with ill intentions. Students use the internet for research all the time and there are instances that those who cheat are unaware of cheating. Students often share information via blogs. According to Problogger.net, a blog is a type of website that is usually arranged in chronological order from the most recent post (or entry) at the top of the main page to the older entries towards the bottom (Problogger.net 2008). Some students may find information on those blogs and use it as their own without properly citing them or determining if they are reliable or not. Some students will exchange emails with answers to test or study questions which is cheating. One final issue can be that students lack investigation skills to find out if their sources are reliable or not. All these issues with computers just scratch the surface of the issue, as technology c ontinues to grow so will the opportunity for students to cheat. Students

On line tutor :: essays research papers

U Ottawa Online Tutor The following report is the report you requested on June 14th, 2005. It has proposal in regards to an online tutor database STS Consultant Firm developed to links students in need of academic assistance with potential tutors. Contained within the report is a detailed analysis of how the online tutor database benefits University of Ottawa and its students. In order for University of Ottawaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s School of Management to accept STS Consultant proposal to endorse advertise through the Schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s various communication channels. University must first understand all the benefits of online tutor database. Also, the report details challenges the University must consider before accepting the proposal. The report will also have a set of recommended actions that must be taken in order for School of Management to make full usage and maintain an online tutor database. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your time and co-operation. If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to call me at (613) 262-2469 Online Tutor For University of Ottawaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s School of Management June 14th, 2005 U Ottawa Online Tutor EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is recommended that University of Ottawaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s School of Management begin to advertise through the Schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s various communication channels. However, before the university decides to advertise it must begin by decided how to implement and maintain the website. In order for the online tutor service efficiently assess students, they will have to begin to implement the service to be online. Also, University of Ottawa (O.U.) will need to follow the recommendations in order to be able to successfully benefits the student. Advertise must be done to get the service out will be one of the steps that need to be taken in order for O.U. to successfully benefit the university, tutors and its students. The report will outline and detail the benefits of online tutor service, as well as the actions necessary in order for U.O. to successfully implement an online tutor system. Setting up an online tutor system enables students to search most desirable tutor on the database 24 hours a day. The database combined with todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s advanced technological tools to will help organize and service efforts. Student can create log in and search out tutors. Tutor candidate profiles can be viewed instantly in real-time, facilitating students quickly and accurately identify potential tutors to contact. With an online tutor service implementation time is required to setup and additional expenses maybe incur and website maintenance.

Bob Dylan :: essays research papers

Bob Dylan As a child Dylan was comfortable being the center of attention, often writing creative poetry for his mother and on occasion singing. Dylan had no formal music lessons, but none the less he began to compose. Later at age 14, he took up the guitar and shortly after formed a band, one of many he played the guitar in. Always plunging ahead, performing to his up most potentional, Dylan absorbed his surroundings as a source of inspiration. Even during his early efforts Dylan responded very positivly to mainstream musicians, such as country star Hank Williams. Yet, he responded especially well to early rock stars such as Little Richard, Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis. In the summer of 1959, after graduation Dylan began to work at a cafe, where he began to pay increasing attention to folksingers such as Judy Collins and Jesse Fuller. Finding an instant connection with their songs, songs relevant to social issues. Dylan was drawn into both the musical style and the social message of these indivisuals. In 1959 he left for college, but instead of consentrating on his studies he devoted himself to his music. He sang wherever he could, his performance style, a nasal tone with annunciation problems sometimes drew applause while other times critisism, yet this would later became his trademark sound. It was also around this time when he began performing with a guitar and harmonica. It was during his performing days in Dinkytown that the young Bob Zimmerman first began using Bob Dylan as his stage name. No clear reason can be assertained for the choice of Dylan. Whatever its source, the name gave him a public image distinct from his Jewish heritage, enhancing his already growing career. Beyond this, an influential figure stepped into the light in his life. Woody Guthrie, a dieing folksinger emerged, consuming Dyaln's attention. After Guthries death in 1967 Dyaln adopted his styles of: a rough, hagard voice with guitar accompaniment in a folk music orientation. By the end of 1960 Bob Zimmerman made his final step into becoming Bob Dylan, the last stage in his early life. He decided to move to New York, to try to make it "big".

Detention Essay: No Homework, No Problem Essay

One of the most difficult challenges that teachers and parents face is getting kids to do their homework. A common complaint with middle school students is the fact that they do not have enough time to do their homework. But I however do and I procrastinate over and over again, resulting in me working on it late at night. So, a lot of the time I end up forgetting it at home. In the effect of students maturing and getting older they start taking on more household responsibilities, and participating in a greater amount of extracurricular activities. As more and more distractions are made available to a child, it is imperative that today’s students, including me, are aware of the importance of doing their homework. Homework is a necessary component of every successful student’s education. By doing homework, a student will learn independent thought, perform better in school, and provide a greater chance for economic success in their post education lives. In order to succeed, I must become responsible for my education. However I really need to learn to not procrastinate and be responsible. In a secondary school setting, students spend less than five hours of classroom time per week in any one particular subject. During this time, the teacher introduces new concepts and skills by building on previous lessons. In order for me to become proficient with these newly taught concepts and skills, I must practice and work on these skills, so that they may be ingrained in my mind. In order for this learning to take place, the United States Department of Education suggests that students should use homework to practice what they have learned in school and to prepare themselves for the next class; but not as an option or any other name for it, homework needs to be done an turned in. I, as a student have to do my homework. I am aware that I am being slightly repetitive, but it needs to be said, and I need to get it through my head that the usage of homework as a practice for students helps them prepare for tests.. Then the tests effect grades, and pretty much where you go in life. Bottom line, turning in your homework is necessary. Ineed to do my homework as well as not procrastinate and be responsible enough to do my homework, and turn it in to school the next morning. I am sorry for what I did and I will try to not do it again.

Global warming: Natural or human- induced Essay

Scientists and environmentalists have defined the term global warming in different ways Global warming refers to the heating of the surface, which leads to climate change and rising sea levels; this is mainly due to emission of gases (www. planningportal. gov. uk/). Others attribute global warming to the consequences of the green house effects. It is also believed that global warming occurs when temperatures of the earth surface increase due to rise of carbon dioxide causing climatic changes hence global warming. Global warming has in the recent past become a subject of interest among scientists environmentalists and governments among other groups. This is due to the far reaching effects especially the climate change. The question that now begs an answer is whether global warming occurs naturally or it is due to human activities. There has been an increase in global temperature since mid 20th century, There are scientists who hold that global warming is caused by human activities like the emission of gases such as carbon to the atmosphere, burning of fossil fuels, deforestations and similar activities (Job D. A. 1994). Human activities have been cited as the causes of global warming by environmentalists, who urge for discontinuation of the said activities. Green house gases are highly cited to cause the rise in the temperature of the earth. This is mainly due to anthropogenic GHGs. However; this argument is discredited because rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and green house gases GHGs does not correlate with global warming. Some scientists argue that if the green house gases were causing climate changes through temperature rise, then the troposphere would warm faster than the earth surface and this according to them is not observable. Temperature measurement indicate that temperatures increase with the rate of the temperature surface. Temperatures have risen and fallen due to the change in the levels of carbon dioxide in a time span of after 1000 years (Net T. 1999). It is uncertain to attribute global warming to the humans. Global warming is due to the effects of natural occurrence such as ocean currents and when the solar system increases its solar activities. Ocean currents are the movements of ocean water in a continuous way, Ocean currents within the ocean of hot or cold rivers. Forces generate currents which acts upon water causing planet rotation, wind affects the temperatures, this leads to differences in the moon gravitation. Ocean currents may flow for long distances even thousands of kilometers. They determine the climates in areas surrounding the oceans. Some examples are the Hawaiian Islands where the climate of the area is cool than the tropical latitudes. Deep ocean currents are driven by destiny and temperature gradient. Global warming is mostly believed to be caused by human activities. Some researchers have tried to examine patterns of heat in the temperature warming over land and water in both warm and cold areas. Results revealed some specific patterns regarding the green house gases. Vertical structure of warming was graphically different from natural warming structure. (Santer, B. D et al) According to Thomson, J. (1995), a signal analyst, the accumulation of green house gases had overwhelmed the relatively weaker effects of solar cycle on the climate. He had also noted that season’s timings kept on changing due to emissions of carbons dioxide after the World War II during the industrialization process. The seasonal pattern had started to change at a very high rate. (â€Å"The seasons global temperature and precession† by David J Thomson science vol 268 1995) Research done has continued to strengthen the case for human induced global warming. The national climate date center found that winter–time and night –time low temperatures were rising twice than summer time and daytime high temperature. Researchers argued that if the warming occurs naturally high and low temperatures would rise and fall in a parallel manner rather than the observed temperature range which narrows between daytime highs and nighttime lows. (David, E. et al 1997) There is relation between temperature changes and factors like volcanic activities and sun’s brightness variations. Abrupt warning had occurred during the 20th century. Most of the climatic analysis on climatic change has suggested that human interventions have been a dominant force behind global warming. Others studies have shown that natural factors had also influenced the change of earths temperature. There has been an increase in carbon dioxide and methane amount in space migrating from the earth atmosphere. These changes occurred between 1970 and 1997. Human generated carbon dioxide from green house had caused the earth to import heat causing climate change. Many researchers in their studies and analysis of global warming acknowledge that human has induced increase of the earth’s temperature. Gas emissions from industries, deforestation, burning fuels causes rise of the earth temperature. Global warming and climate change is attributed to various factors natural and human induced. Natural factors within the earth’s climate system have brought few changes. Changes earths orbiting around the sun can bring a large change on the earth’s climate system. However climate change have been altered in a significant variations, this makes it difficult to explain changes in climate as seen since the 20th century as occurring due to natural processes. Reference: Choundhury, S. (1980). Management Education in India, university of Calcutta. Fleagle R. G. (1992). The US government response to global change, splinger.. Houghton J. T, and Jenkins G. V. (1990). Climate Change: The IPCC scientific Assessment UNEP. Job D. A. (1994). Global climate Change, natural resource management, Carpe. Net T. ; Emission; Economicwide Effects of Reducing CO, urbanfischer. de, 1999. Noguchi K. and Konopka B. ; biomass and production of fine roots in Japanese forests, splinger, 1992. Nordaus W. D; and Shaw . D. (1994). Impacts of Global Warming on Agriculture. Cambridge Univesity press. Russel D. Land Rind D. (1992). Regional cooling in a warming climate us government printing office, 1992. Victor D. G. (2001) The collapse of the Kyoto protocol and the struggle to slow Global warming: the complete briefing. Princeton univ. press. David J Thomson. (1995). vol 268. Available at: www. planningportal. gov. uk/england/professional/en/111531/o689250. html. Retrieved on: 03:04:08

Inquiring Minds Want to Know 1 & 2 Essay

First and foremost for any case study, the reader must first understand what they are researching and why. Penton Media, a publisher of business trade magazines such as Industry Week, Machine Design, and Restaurant Hospitality, was the subject of this particular case study. Upon reading the case study on Penton Media, the reader learns that Penton Media has made great progress in the growth of their company through a six year period, 1992-1998, based on the research results provided. Ken Long, Penton Media’s Director, stated in 1998 that there was a growing belief that Penton Media was generating fewer services than in the past. In 1992, Penton Media was reaching out to their readers by having them request product information through mail, which back then, that form of communication was acceptable. However, as time elapsed, technology and communication advanced. By 1998, Penton Media was providing information requests through e-mail and websites. In this case study, the research results provided two different years, 1992 and 1997. The years that elapsed from 1992 to 1997 proved that there was a growth in response and response selections to the advertisements Penton Media provided, in the business magazines they publicized for. From reading the case study the reader can build the management-research question hierarchy. The first thing to identify is the management dilemma, which in this case is: Will Penton Media experience lower advertising revenues, if alternate methods of inquiry stimulation are sought, since companies do not track the source of their leads? Secondly, defining the management question, which is: Are there publications or magazines that are generating fewer leads now as opposed to the past years? Next, the reader must ask the research question(s), which is: Should Penton Media continue to include reader service cards in the magazines they advertise for, for readers to request additional information on companies, which in turn enhances advertisement and business for the companies listed? If not, what are the alternative advertising methods that are more technologically advanced that could be applied to boost advertising revenues? Upon defining the research question(s), the investigative que stions need to be identified throughout the case study. For this case, the investigative questions are: What are the percentages of readers/subscribers using the reader service cards currently in comparison to the years past? If there is a decline  detected in the usage of reader cards, what are the alternative methods that they are using to contact businesses and companies? Is there any way to implement different strategic means of these methods to enhance advertising revenue? After identifying the investigative questions, the management questions are the next step on the management-research question hierarchy. The management questions for this case include: Will Penton Media experience a decline in revenue due to the alternate methods of advanced advertising technology of customer inquiry stimulation? Penton Media will need to make a management decision is the last step for the hierarchy. In this case, Penton Media will need to decide whether to terminate the use of reader service cards in the magazines they advertise and replace the advertisements with alternate methods of advanced technology advertising. If they do decide to implement a more strategic technologically advanced method of advertisement, the readers and subscribers will be able to directly contact businesses and companies they are interested in on a present and current time schedule. After reading this case study, there are some ethical issues that are relevant to it. The most vital ethical issue that is presented in this case is the right to privacy, or confidentiality. Upon reading the case and the forms that are included to be sent to the readers and subscribers questioned and polled, it is read within the cover letter for the survey that â€Å"All individual responses will remain completely confidential, with answers combined and presented in statistical form only.† At the end of the cover letter Penton Media asks the selected person for the survey to correct or make any necessary changes to their mailing address, to ensure they would be in the random drawing for the handheld color television. Having that information in the survey is proof that Penton Media is aware of who is responding to which questions, regardless of privacy and confidentiality. Based upon the results they received, out of 710 participants, Penton Media only analyzed 676 surveys. Penton claims the reasoning behind only analyzing 676 surveys was due to the fact that those participants were purchase decision makers for their organization. From there, Penton Media stated that the standard deviation of the survey results they received was four, with a ninety-five percent level of confidence. Out of the 676 surveys analyzed, Penton Media did an in depth follow-up with only forty  participants. Given the information of how Penton Media conducted the entire survey process, it is possible there was more room for error than Penton anticipated. Penton Media’s research team runs the risk of their data results and information being inaccurate since all of the participants that responded didn’t have their answers considered for the research. References Cooper, D., Schindler, P. (2001). Business Research Methods: Cases: Inquiring Minds Want to Know – – Now!.

Byzantine and Roman Empire Art Essay

The Byzantine Empire was the new center for the Roman Empire, but did it directly inherit the art traditions from the Roman Empire? Give examples in your response. The Byzantine people considered themselves as the heirs to the Roman Empire (Online Lecture) so this also meant that they inherited the art traditions of the Roman Empire. Their sculptures stayed with the classical style of the ancient Greek art but a new aesthetic and iconic type art began to develop. The new aesthetic art was created by the Christians to fulfill their religious needs. Byzantine art favored a more symbolic approach to religion by depicting frontal figures against a gold background and the idea the subject(s) might be floating. The subject matters in this art consisted largely of the combined religion and imperial power. This can be seen in the mosaic below (Kleiner, 137) of Justinian and the Bishop Maxinianus. The mosaic depicts Justinian, ruler of the time, in a purple rob and a halo over his head. He also holds the golden paten, helping to emphasize the balance between religion and power. He is flanked by members of the clergy on his left with the most prominent figure the Bishop Maximianus holding a golden cross. To Justinian’s right appear members of the imperial administration identified by the purple stripe, and at the very far left side of the mosaic appears a group of soldiers, one holding a shield bearing the Christogram . The presences of icons, portable paintings portraying Christ, Mary or saints, were also important during this time. They were more religious than aesthetic in nature: especially after the end of iconoclasm, they were understood to mark the unique presence of the figure depicted by means of a likeness to that figure maintained through carefully maintained canons of representation. The Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George (Kleiner,138) is a good example of an icon. This icon is created on wood, and represents the Virgin enthroned, supporting the Child Christ in her lap and flanked by two Saints, St. Theodore on the right and St. George on the left, both standing in formal pose. Two Archangels are pictured behind the central group, their wide-open eyes staring upwards to heaven. Portrayed frontally, on a slightly larger scale than the rest of the figures composing the icon, the Virgin is seated on a throne, dressed in a dark blue. Her feet dangle of the edge of the chair. Realism is reflected in the Virgin’s white and pink face, in her accentuated features and large dissimilar. The Christ Child is pictured seated in his mother’s lap. So the inheriting of the Roman Empire traditions of art only helped in the refining of the Byzantine esthetic and iconic art forms.

Best Man Wedding Speech Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Good Evening everybody...I hope you are all enjoying everything so far...My name is Frank Levy, and I am Rick's Best Man for the evening. I happened to find out that there was a pool going on as to how long my Best Man's speech was going to be, and I was the only one who bought in at 60 minutes, so you might as well all just relax, sit back and enjoy the ride. When Rick first asked me to be a "Best Man", I wasn't really sure what my responsibilities were suppossed to be. I asked around, and was told that my main duties for today were: To ensure that the groom arrives on time, To make sure he is sober, And to make sure he is looking good. Well 2 out of 3 isn?t bad... After all I?m best man, not a plastic surgeon! I was also worried about how long... Best Man Wedding Speech Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen – I'd like to start by saying that what a genuine honor it is to be part of Rick's wedding. Rick certainly is handsome tonight, with his fine rented tux and shoes. On a gala evening such as this, you may find it hard to believe that Rick has not always been so handsome. The truth is, Rick was so ugly at birth, the doctor slapped his mother! The nurses were no more sympathetic, they diapered poor little Rick’s face. The fact is, his parents were so embarrassed of Rick that they borrowed another baby for the baptism ceremony. When little Rick went to school, the situation didn’t improve at all. Yes, it is true that Rick was the teacher’s pet – but that was just because the teacher couldn’t afford a dog! Rick's appearance b... Best Man Wedding Speech Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches Well to be honest Steven I thought you would have spoken for longer today†¦.. as that was probably your last opportunity to speak for any length of time without interruption. Not that I’m saying Ellen talks a lot! Afternoon everybody†¦..or is it evening†¦.. seems so long ago that we started these proceedings†¦. For those of you that do not know me my name is Mark Although I’m sure you’ll have a few other names for me after I’ve finished this†¦. Although BIG NOSE is a little obvious! Also just a little soundcheck†¦.Can hear me at the back Good then put a bottle aside for me!!!! Well†¦I hope you’ve all been having a good time and enjoyed yourselves so far†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Good †¦..but as they say †¦.. every silver lining has a cloud†¦.. and I’m afraid it’s just got overcast! I must thank Ellen’s parents for their hospitality today and that really did look like a splendid meal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. although I’m afraid mine should be just be hitting the city sewer system around †¦. About†¦.. now†¦ Response to Steven’s Toast To Bridesmaid First of all may I re-iterate and thank Steven for his complementary comments to the Bridesmaids, who have done a splendid job today at looking wonderful. Although†¦.. No-doubt my sister has already told you this†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Read CARDS / TELEGRAMS here! â€Å"Don’t forget dear †¦.. the slightest ill treatment and you come home to Mother! Closer Look†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Oh!! Its for m service lady will of course be puzzled by this request and ask him whether Mrs Scott might want something more substantial To which Steven will probably reply ‘No that’s ok I'm conducting an experiment to see if she eats like a rabbit as well!" Ladies and Gentlemen please†¦.. settle down†¦ Could you please stand now and join me in a toast to the bride’s parents for this special day. Thank you. And while you are all standing I’ve just got a few last things to say†¦.. Steven you are an excellent friend and it’s been an honour to be your best man. I wish you and Ellen all the very best for the future. If everyone could now join me in a toast to Mr and Mrs Steven and Ellen Scott. Congratulations!!!

Describe the development of India's financial sector over the last Essay

Describe the development of India's financial sector over the last decade. Support your claims with as much as data possible - Essay Example n India 2003-04, talks about the appropriate timing of the entry of foreign banks into India so as to be co-terminus with the transition to greater capital account convertibility (Thankur, 1990). This shows that the economic policy establishment in India, including the RBI, has not drawn adequate lessons from the experiences of the financial crisis-affected countries. Besides, banks are the principal risk carriers in the system, taking in small deposits that are liquid and making relatively large investments that are illiquid and can be characterised by substantial income and capital risk. The observed tendency among some promoters or boards of banks to divert a substantial share of its deposits into speculative activities in which the promoter or board may be interested or into investments that are risky but promise quick returns, can increase financial fragility, lead to bank failures and if the magnitude of the failure is serious enough, can actually precipitate crisis for the entire financial system (Thankur, 1990). Instances in India such as the Nedungadi Bank and the Global Trust Bank are the harbingers of what may follow if reckless deregulation of the banking sector is carried out. In fact, the experience of recurrent financial crises in the 1990s, most famously the East Asian experience, has shown how banking deregulation along with capital market liberalization often serves as recipes for financial turmoil in developing countries (Desai, 1987). Many guidelines have stated among other things that no single entity or group of related entities would be allowed to hold shares or exercise control, directly or indirectly, in any private sector bank in excess of 10 % of its paid-up capital. Recognising that the 5th March notification by the Union Government had hiked foreign investment limits in private banking to 74%, the guidelines sought to define the ceiling as applicable on aggregate foreign investment in private banks from all sources (FDI, Foreign

The Successful College Lecturer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Successful College Lecturer - Assignment Example Humanism is usually effective in cases where the learners need to use their common senses to judge problems being asked by the teacher or instructor. Among the rest of the theories that explain ethical philosophies, humanism is regarded as the best of them all when it comes to learning. Learners in their childhood stages are able to appreciate human nature, thereby giving them an opportunity to learn faster when they are in class. Humanism advocates for people to seek what they need to know by themselves as opposed to seeking them either from revelation or mysticism1. The effectiveness of this philosophy in terms of contributing to learning situations is good and need to be emphasized. It is believed that humanism allow people to think for themselves and are able to challenge any form of 'thinking' as they wish without fear It is also referred to the 'learning perspective'. The proposition of thinking, feeling and acting are normally regarded as the 'behaviours' of that person. The behaviours one develops either by imitation or taught affect the persons learning ability. In psychology, it is said that the behaviour of a human being are related to the environment they live in and this will contribute significantly on the learning ability of the persons. Behaviourism as in the way people act, is considered the easiest way to teach people what they should do and how to do it. Whether the results of the action will be right or wrong depends on the humanistic philosophy stated above2. The effectiveness of behaviourism is rated the second after humanism. This is because, the behaviours one achieves may as well be acquired from the same classroom or teaching space that is in question. Constructivism Any assumptions made on the natural being of people's learning that guides their learning methods and theories are called constructivism. Constructivism takes puts more emphasis on appropriate teacher -supported learning developments in an educational environments. It also gives an opportunity to each of the learners to develop their own unique background-achieved abilities towards their learning processes. In this case, the learner is seen as complex being with multidimensional cognition and acknowledges it as part of the integral process of learning. It therefore encourages, rewards and maintains it as a tool for use in learning. Constructivism also dictates how the learner socially interacts with other people within the society with a view to gain a learning experience through them. The vulnerable members of the learning community including the young children develop their abilities to think through the interaction with other children and the physical environment at large. It also motivates the learner to seek more and more knowledge from various sources making it very effective when it comes to teaching practices. Learners are ready to learn through all ways and that their motivation directly comes from their confidence and competencies. This helps teachers to link up their teaching contents with the level of developing the leaner is undergoing at the moment. Learning styles Majority of the people favour some particular forms of interactions3. These forms of interaction are learning styles that represent how best an individual can be able to adopt a specific method of learning suitable to him or her. There are four basic learning styles; Learning by seeing Learning by hearing Learning by processing text Learning by doing

Business Research Methods Part 3 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Research Methods Part 3 - Term Paper Example Another potential challenge lies in data collection and analysis. Sometimes the data might be outdated or the researcher may not be able to collect comprehensive data to carry out research. Another challenge is to prioritize and filter information from the data – both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher needs to abandon redundant information and include only those which are relevant to his or her research (Sittig et al, 2008). There may be several methods which a researcher may employ in order to reduce the challenges and increase the authenticity of data used in research. Here the researcher has conducted both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the healthcare dilemma in American households. One of them is to involve iterative methods and the refinement and development of analogies, typologies and other methods to analyze data (Fitzpatrick & Boulton 1996). This is extremely important especially when qualitative methods of data collection are employed. The researcher may be biased or the participants may be biased in providing their observations and answers. Hence, conducting iteration is one way to reduce such bias in data analysis. Another way to authenticate and validate the data collected in research is to properly prioritize and sort out the data.

Marketing Process Model by Robert J Dolan Dissertation

Marketing Process Model by Robert J Dolan - Dissertation Example Customer Acquisition 10 2.10. Customer Relation 10 2.11. Profits 11 3. Conclusion 11 References 13 Appendix 14 1. Introduction 1.1 Objective Current paper focuses on the examination of the various aspects of the Marketing Process Model, as developed by Robert Dolan in 1997. The effectiveness and the practical implications of the particular model are analyzed by referring to the literature that has been published in regard to the specific subject. 1.2 Methodology The literature related to the Marketing Process Model has been reviewed for identifying the elements and the role of the particular model. Effort has been made so that only academic journals are used, so that the credibility of findings is secured. 1.3 Limitations The value of marketing in enhancing business performance cannot be doubted. However, the choice of appropriate marketing strategy can be a challenging task for most marketers worldwide. Two are the key reasons for the above phenomenon: the continuous alteration of t he modern market and the lack of skills of individuals involved in the particular activities. The use of marketing models that have been widely used in the international market can help a firm to avoid failures, at least major ones, in regard to its marketing plans. From this point of view, the use of the Marketing Process Model could secure the growth of organizations operating in different sectors. However, not all aspects of the particular model have been carefully reviewed in the literature. Due to this fact, not all implications of the above model are known. This study could help to understand clearer the value of Marketing Process Model and to identify the model’s aspects that should be further studied. 2. Literature Review 2.1. Marketing Process: Initial Considerations Marketing process is a quite complex one. According to the literature published in this field, there are different approaches for promoting a product/ service in a particular market (Jaakkola et al. 2010 ). The Marketing Process Model, as suggested by Robert Dolan, can offer a series of advantages: a) it can employ a high range of methods/ approaches, increasing the chances for success, b) it is flexible and can be appropriately alternated for meeting the needs of the target market, c) it has been widely used in practice, a fact that increases its credibility (Jaakkola et al. 2010). The particular Model, also known as B2B model, can be effectively used in different sectors and under different market conditions (Jaakkola et al. 2010). 2.2. Strategic Marketing Strategic marketing is a term used in order to describe a series of activities that need to be developed in order for a particular product/ service to reach the target market successfully without failures, either in terms of cost or in terms of time (Kotler et al. 2009). The difference of strategic marketing, compared to the traditional marketing, is that the former is highly based on various theoretical models and different app roaches for achieving the target described above (Kotler et al. 2009). These approaches and theories are analyzed in the sections that follow. 2.3. Customers analysis 2.3.1. Needs In marketing, efforts have been made so that the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs theory is used. The particular model can ensure that consumer will be keep motivated in using a particular prod

Major Favtors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Major Favtors - Essay Example In that case, the accounting practices in China focus on both the fair presentation of financial position and a conservative presentation. The reason behind a fair presentation is to meet the various needs and requirements of the stakeholders and the capital market. The conservative approach is targeting the banking sector, which has a direct access to financial information (Central Intelligence Agency). (b): Legal system – the legal system in China is coded. Coded laws seek to, exhaustively, envelop the existing laws and preserve their implication to match that of the time it was coded. For this reason, the Chinese accounting practices are highly, rigid, prescriptive, detailed and procedural. This kind of legal system requires that the national law regulate the accounting practices. For that reason, China engages in the preparation of two sets of financial statement. That is, the rigid and the adaptive type, to comply with different types of legal systems (Central Intelligence Agency). (c): Taxation – the system is linked to reflect the legal system. In China, the national laws regulate the taxation practices. In this case, the accounting and the taxation process are the same (International Federation of Accountants). (d): Political and economic ties - the basis of accounting practices is influenced by the external forces due to international relations. China has strong political and economic ties with Japan, whose legal system is codified. The ties have greatly influenced China’s financial reporting regime (International Federation of Accountants). (e): Inflation – the changes in the rate of inflation affect the commodity prices in countries. The financial figures should reflect the level of inflation in a country. However, in countries with a low rate of inflation, like China, the reported accounting figures rarely reflect the rate of inflation (Central Intelligence Agency). (f): Level of economic development – the economic development in

Love vs. Lust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Love vs. Lust - Essay Example It takes the relationship to the next level and is provides relief to the soul. When a person is in love with someone he or she wants to share their feelings, thoughts and secrets with the other person; thus bringing them closer to one another. Love is a sort of commitment one has with another person, and it provides assurance that the people in love will support each other at all times and will face all conflicts together, instead of just giving up. (What is Love 2012) Love is something which cannot be bought or sold, and is totally independent. You cannot force a person to love you; neither can you force yourself to love another person. Love is spontaneous. It just happens, and we have no control over it. One cannot just stop loving a person, because once he or she is in love, it becomes almost impossible to let go. A person in love is ready to take risks for his or her loved one, and this is one of the finest qualities of love. A mother would risk everything for her child, because she loves her child. When a child is born, a mother lets go of all her enjoyment and other worldly things, in order to tend to her child and take care of the child. Love cannot be used as a bait to lure someone, nor can it be given as a reward. (Love Without Limits, 2012) When there is love between two people, there is a sense of security between them. They know that the other person will protect them and tend to their every need. They are even ready to make all sorts of sacrifices for each other. It is a complete sense of devotion to a person or persons, no matter what comes in their way. Besides, love cannot be measured neither can you measure the time period for which two people love each other. It can be months, years or you can spend your entire life loving someone. It can start or end in a flick. The decision to love someone doesn’t depend on your desires or hormones. (Love vs Lust 2012) Lust, on the other hand, is a short lived feeling of intense sexual desire for som eone. It is completely different from love. Like, a mother loves her child, while a person, on seeing someone attractive, can develop a feeling of lust towards him or her. It is basically being concerned that what the other person can provide us with and fulfills our desires. It is an intense feeling of pleasure and craving for self-satisfaction, which mostly means sexual intercourse. The concentration is mostly on fulfilling one’s desires. It can either be done by giving money or happens when a person sees someone he or she finds attractive. It is generally a feeling of arousal one senses when he or she spot someone appealing. So lust depends on looks and body of a person. One night stands, are also a sign of lust, in which two people engage in sexual intercourse, and leave in the morning without making plans of seeing each other again or having any sort of deep conversation. No real feelings are discussed and it is purely a physically intimate moment. (Lust vs Love: Do You Know the Difference?, 2012) Lust is also regarded as sort of a dangerous feeling, because it is very intense and a person wants to physically bond with the person he or she is attracted to. Lust can hinder with your thinking capability. It does not let one think straight or logically, because strong emotions one is feeling for another person to bond physically. It activates one’s sexual hormones, and the only thing he or she wants to do is to satisfy their sexual needs. This can be very

The Laramie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Laramie - Essay Example in which religion puts people apart in the play as paradoxically as it is through judgment and the feelings when he questions if his priest and father are right about their arguments against homosexuality. The questioning raises the difference between reality and religion as well as the statement of not giving the organized religion permission of the contents of the said character (Kaufman 21). Evident from the text is the ability to differentiate between religion and spirituality. The idea of well-established religion as well as that of orthodoxy as shown in a way that practices the singular notion of the best. Such traits are depicted by Reverend Phelps when he tries to make the matter of homosexuality be the one who questions whether ones allegiance to his God as it creates a setting that looks to separate individuals from "us or them" situation (Kaufman 32).  Moreover, such also is the same as it discourages the Muslim woman in the play as it awakens the social status of some townspeople simply because of the cultural traditions.   At such point, also, one can get the difference such regards the approach that separates individuals from religion does not represent all the established religions when Matts funeral is held in a Catholic church, the time where establishment of religion does look to bring people collectively. Moreover,  there are also other religions, which cannot really be ready for them to accept fully homosexuality, and as well as its implications on the clergy, given so they cannot respond in the way of Reverend Phelps.   The play makes the greatest statement on religious views of love together with compassion by the individuals as it is seen in the play.   Those who live in the town like Jedidiah work extra hard to reconcile the meaning being loyal to the town, and they also commit themselves to the fraternity by accepting all individuals living there. Romaine Patterson also willingness to remove the perception of "angels" 23 is a good

Hydrogen Gas Lab Essay Example for Free

Hydrogen Gas Lab Essay * For the mass, an uncertainty of0.01g was used, as the uncertainty was stated on the weighing machine. * For the volume, an uncertainty of0.05mL was used, as it was half the smallest increment on the graduated cylinder. * For the temperature, an uncertainty of0.5 was used, as it was half the smallest increment on the thermometer. Sample Calculation Converting mL to L Data Processing: Magnesium+HCl Reaction -Finding the molar volume at STP of hydrogen gas when HCl is reacted with magnesium. Finding Pressure of (Pressure of H2O at 21=0.02763) Finding Volume of at STP 0.002 Sample Calculation Finding Uncertainty for Finding moles of Moles of Finding Molar Volume of at STP. Zinc+HCl Reaction Experimentally calculating molar mass of zinc using the ideal gas laws. Finding Pressure of (Pressure of H2O at 21=0.02763) Finding Moles of Determining Molar Mass of Zn Conclusion: In conclusion it was found that the molar volume of hydrogen gas that was produced when hydrochloric acid reacted with magnesium was 19L/mol3. Ideally it should be 22.4L/mol according to the ideal gas laws. There is a percent difference of 15% between the two values. But if uncertainties are considered the percent difference is reduced to 2%. This is an acceptable value because the actual value of 22.4L/mol is an approximation in ideal conditions according to the ideal gas laws. The ideal gas laws dont take into consideration the attractive forces between atoms, or the volume of the atoms. And most likely if those factors were considered then the percent difference would be 0%. For the second part of the experiment it was experimentally found using the ideal gas laws that the molar mass of zinc is 124 g/mol. When compared with the actual value of 65g/mol, there is a percent difference of 90%. And even if uncertainties are considered, the percent difference is only reduced to 64%. This is too big; therefore the data is rendered unreliable. There were quite a few weaknesses and limitations in this lab. First of all the volume of H2O mixed in with the H2 gas was not considered. Had it been considered, then the volume found at STP would have been lower, and it would give a more accurate measurement to what the experimental value is. Another weakness in this lab was the fact that the molar mass of zinc was twice as big as its accepted value. The most likely reason for this is that when the zinc reacted, it is likely that some of the hydrogen gas was not in the beaker, but the hydrogen gas escaped into the air. That is why when the formula n=PV/RT was used, the volume in the numerator was half as big as it should be, which in turn caused the calculated molar mass to double. So it can be assumed that approximately half the hydrogen gas escaped into the air. Another weakness was the fact that the apparatus was left over night, and so if there was a microscopic hole or crack, then the chances of the hydrogen escaping is very high. This would be true because, and since hydrogen has the lowest molar mass of all the elements, it would have a very high velocity, and so it is possible that the hydrogen gas was able to escape through a microscopic hole at a fast rate because it has such a high velocity. Not only that, but since it was left overnight, it would have had more time to escape the beaker. There are a number of ways that this lab could be improved. First of all, a new graduated cylinder should be used to ensure that there are no cracks or holes through which the hydrogen gas can escape. Along with that the apparatus should not be left out overnight, but instead the reaction should be speeded up by heating up the apparatus, and then taking the measurements of the volume of gas every 1 minute. This in turn would decrease the amount of energy lost to the environment, and it would end up giving more accurate results. Next time, the volume of should also be considered. A percentage value can be used, since we know the pressure that gives, that pressure can be converted into a percent, and multiplies by the total volume, and then inversed. This in turn will in turn give the volume of .This will hold true because V=nRT/P, so pressure and volume are inversely proportional, and since nRT is a constant V and P have to change accordingly.

How Diffierent Strategies Are Used To Support Children Education Essay

How Diffierent Strategies Are Used To Support Children Education Essay The assignment will develop the work started for log B, looking at how diffierent strategies are used to support children with social, emotional behavioural difficulties, focusing on how rewards and sanctions can improve behaviour. Looking at how a school behavioural policy can help within the classroom and school to tackle and improve behaviour as well as using literature to critically analyse these suggestions. Concerns about the behaviours of young people are nothing new. Socrates is quoted as saying Children today are real tyrants, they no longer stand up when their elders come into the room where they are sitting, they contradict their parents, chat together in the presence of adults, eat gluttonously and tyrannise their teachers. What counts as good behaviour can be difficult to identify specifically. Our understanding of the causes and cures of disruptive behaviour over the last few years has grown immensely. Previously, explanations of poor behaviour tend to be based on individual pupils and their families while treatments consisted of drugs, counselling and psychological intervention. Research that is more recent has suggested that school curriculum, teaching approaches, sanction and reward systems and pupil involvement in determining rules, rewards and sanctions contribute to the ethos of high expectations and developing positive teacher pupil relationships where indiscipline is minimised. Sanction and reward systems, which will be the focus of this assignment, have their origins in behaviourist psychology. They are most likely to be effective if shaped by an overall philosophy and linked closely to the ethos of the school and in many schools pupils are involved in drawing up the school rules, and consulted about appropriate sanctions, as this is seen as the best way of ensuring that punishments are seen as fair. Government policy in England states that TES (2005). Rewards and sanction systems are essential for a creative teaching and learning environment. By praising and rewarding positive behaviour, it is believed that others will be encouraged to act similarly. The government believe that school behaviour policy should therefore not only specify what sanctions are available to staff, but also how positive behaviour will be reinforced through praise and rewards.   Surprisingly, theres been little research into the effects of sanctions and rewards on behaviour and achievement. One of the most extensive studies was conducted by researchers at the University of East Anglia in 2000. Their survey of Year 8, 9 and 10 pupils in the Norwich area found that the most effective sanction in the eyes of pupils was a letter or phone call home to parents, while the least effective was a verbal warning. Similarly, the use of gifts was seen as by far the most effective reward, with verbal praise at the bottom of the list (TES, 2005). Recent research (Allen, unpublished) suggests that the school curriculum and the use of teaching approaches through sanctions and reward systems can determine the pupils involvement within the rules, thus contributing to the ethos of high expectations and developing positive teacher and pupil relationships therefore creating the individuality of the pupils. The types of children and their related social, emotional and behavioural problems must be identified before a sanction and rewards scheme can improve behaviour as part of a behavioural management policy within a Pupil Referral Unit. The definition of emotional and behavioural difficulties in Britain (DES, 1989) refers to: Children who set up barriers between themselves and their learning environment through inappropriate, aggressive, bizarre or withdrawn behaviour and who have developed a range of strategies for dealing with day to day experiences that are inappropriate and impede normal personal and social development and make it difficult to learn. This statement suggests that the problem resides with the child and that it is the child who needs to be treated and cured. However this view is far too simplistic. Therefore there is a need to understand the child, looking at the root causes of aggressive or socially inappropriate behaviour, by looking at the different perspectives on behaviour this will help teachers to understand individual childrens behaviour, and give them strategies to use within the classroom. The use of these perspectives is especially useful in a Pru situation where there are a large proportion of challenging children. Many of these children have had negative experiences in their secondary school and view themselves as inadequate, ineffective, and useless troublemakers, consequently their self esteem is low. Using the following perspectives and observing and recording a childs different behaviours can give teachers in Pupil referral units strategies to overcome pupils displayed behaviours which they can use effectively within the classroom. Firstly, the Pschodynamic perspective looks at how early experiences from childhood, attachment issues and other conflicts can have an effect on current behaviour traits, understanding these issues can help a teacher develop a positive relationship with the child. The Cognitive perspective, once testing of the childs abilities has been carried out, means that the work can be presented at the appropriate level (Ayers et al, 1995). This will help the child achieve success and develop their selfconfidence and self-esteem when attempting new topics. The Ecosystemic perspective looks at systems that influence the child, such as home, school and peer environments. Looking at all relationships that can affect the childs behaviour, and developing strategies to use within the classroom. Strategies based on this approach, such as nuture groups are being used increasingly in primary schools. Although these are implemented mainly by teachers, they sometimes involve assistance from other providers such as peers, parents or psychologists. A Behaviourist perspective approach looks at how postive and negative reinforcements us ed consistantly in school and at home can have a postive affect on behaviour, improving self esteem. A Humanistic perspective to managing behaviour tries to maximise a pupils inherent motivation to learn by minimising factors that undermine or inhibit this process. Teachers will need to recognise how the pupils feel about themselves and their capabilities. Maslow (1998) clarifies how needs such as physical and safety needs have to be adequately met before self esteem even becomes an issue. Although brief, the above descriptions of the different perspectives can give teachers an insight into why a child behaves the way it does. Many of the strategies mentioned in Log B support children with SEBD within the classroom. The most important one mentioned is actually listening to the child to try to understand what they feel and developing relationships. Emotional and behaviour difficulties are about people who are so badly hurt and in so much pain that they are angry, it is our belief that they express their anger in a place that is safe: to that expression of anger in school could be seen as positive Mc Namara, Morton (1995). Teachers in a Pupil Referral Unit situation often need to learn to also deal with their own emotions, as many feel frustrated because they want to help children to change their behaviour so that the pupils themselves get better outcomes. The usual strategies of sanctions, reasoning, punishments and exclusions used in secondary school dont always work with children in a Pupil referral unit. Therefore, being able to recognise the different behavioural perspectives teachers are able to develop their own teaching strategies within the classroom for the individual child. Before a child enters the Pupil referral unit they attend an assessment centre which is located within the same building, this gives a chance for the teachers to determine what the individual pupil needs to help them fulfil their potential. A behaviour contract is usually completed between the school, parents or guardian and the child themselves. The main areas that are addressed within this contract are used to develop positive behaviours to support relationships between pupils and teachers, pupils and their school environment, peer relationships and home relationships. By developing a whole school approach to behavioural management issues the Pupil referral unit involves all staff, some agencies, and the pupils. Involving parents would seem to be the best way forward. Capstick (2005) suggests Establishing good relationships with parents seem an important element when attempting to work with a child as well as giving tanible rewards. Teacher and staff need to examine what outcomes they want to achieve with the pupils and adopt or change the reward system to meet their needs. The values, which underpin a school behaviour policy, are that all children and adults have the right to work in a safe, calm, supported and purposeful environment. All children have the right to come to school without fear of being bullied. All adults have a responsibility to support the behaviour policy and for it to be consistently applied by all members of staff for it to work effectively. The Pupil referral units behavioural policy aims are to ensure a fair and consistent approach to dealing with the behaviour of children during the school day. This is by providing a safe, caring and supportive environment which allows children to learn and teachers to teach. The policy hopes to promote positive behaviour as a model for all behaviours. Help independence by making pupils responsible for their own actions and provide a structure which moderates childrens behaviour while allowing them to develop as responsible citizens within society.To achieve these aims it is vital that a partnership between home and school is established. A lack of, or poor discipline tends to be the result of problems within the family unit or lack of social skills. In a Pupil referral unit this is achieved in the following ways. Communication between a childs key teacher and their parent or guardian is good and means that the parent will phone in regularly to keep staff up to date on any problems at home, staff will in return inform parents of good behavour, effort or work that the child has produced. This means that the child is rewarded by the parent or guardian. When surveyed most children rated this highly on encouraging them to behave well at the pupil referral unit. Smith and Laslett (1993) suggest To use rewards and sanctions effectively requires knowledge and judicious application of the principles of behaviour modification the single most important factor in learning behaviour is what happens immediately following that behaviour. Pleasant consequences are most likely to reinforce the behaviour and make it happen again. To develop a whole school policy on sanctions and rewards within the Pupil referral unit, discussions should take place within the school community on how to deal with different types of behaviours observed in different places around the school. Pupils are involved during PSHCE lessons in conducting surveys, and a school council could be established so that the children views on school issues can be heard. For when the pupils understand the simple rules within the classroom the atmosphere is usually pleasant and the teaching enjoyable. The main objective for a school behavioural policy is to ensure that there was is a shared u nderstanding by both pupils and teachers of proportionate and differentiated sanctions that can be used in different situations. The policy needs to be clear on how teachers can acquire assistance in a crisis situation and who to go to for help. It should also be discussed what the protcol would be with the local police and youth offending services, if a serious incident occurred. Sanctions should be discussed with pupils and school rules displayed in every classroom. Sanctions must be fair and must be used to deal with behaviour, as quickly as possible. Pupils must know that when a sanction is applied it will be used. Record keeping is vital in the pupil referral unit, especially recording any behavioural incidents which help teachers deal with repetative behaviour issues. The Pupil referral unit could also use restorative justice to address poor behaviour, where a child is held to account for their actions and encouraged to put right the harm they may have caused. In some schools and Pupil Referral units this method seems to be working and behaviour is seen to be improving. The school behaviour policy should not only specify what sanctions are available to staff but also how positive behaviour will be reinforced through praise and rewards. The Elton Report (1989) noted that a reward and sanction ratio of at least 5:1 is an indication of a school with an effe ctive rewards and sanctions system. It also recommended that all schools should have a wide range of both rewards and sanctions that are applied fairly and consistently. The types of rewards used in a Pupil referral unit to motivate children are, verbal praise, rewarding postive behaviours which encouarge the pupils to behave in lessons, showing examples of examplar work on walls, displaying work showing the different levels of academic achievement. Giving all children the chance to succeed and develop their confidence and using the lessons they enjoy improving their self esteem. Reward strategies also used are certificates, postcards, prizes within lessons for consistent behaviour, effort or quality work. Parents are should be routinely informed of all of the above and termly assemblies given with parents encouraged to attend as recognition of their childs achievement. Teachers and staff within the Pupil referral unit therefore have high expectations of the pupils and encourage standards in collective and self discipline, encouraging purposeful learning opportunities within the classroom in order to support the behavioural management policy. An example of this is where children can be given target cards each day with one behaviour target on, they take this to each lesson and teachers record their behaviour, adding initials in the centre of the bullseye on the card if they have met that target for that lesson, at the end of the day the points (Initials in the centre of the bullseye) are added up and recorded on to a visual record sheet so that the pupils can see their achievements. Dealing with the different types of disruptions that can occur in lessons at the Pupil referral unit can also be challenging for teachers. Disruptions can manifest themselves as low level such as persistently talking to peers, seeking too much attention, or failing to cooperate. Whilst these disruptions can often be put down to stresses or difficulties outside school, it is evident that some situations arise because of the learning environment within the Pupil referral unit itself and this must be tackled in order for a behavioural policy and rewards and sanctions system to work effectively. Children can be bored with the work set especially if the level is incorrect, and will kick off. Some teachers as Ashman and Conway (1993) suggest see the problems as lying with the child rather than the curriculum or the methods used to teach. Lessons in the Pupil referral unit therefore can be timetabled for half hour and hour slots at various times of the year or timetables can be disbanded meaning that children experience a variety of different teaching styles within the day. This can also have a positive effect on behaviour management within the unit for example in practical lessons teachers are used to movement and children often have more freedom to move around depending upon the activity, the teachers tend to be more relaxed in their methods and consequently so are the children. Whereas, in theoretical lessons some teachers tend to regard movement as threatening and can apply sanctions more vigorously, if a child is critised or put down for something they have done wrong in class, this can add to a lowering of their self esteem and increase behavioural problems. Rogers (1998) Suggests that all teachers should develop their own discipline plan so that they know what to do in advance when classroom behaviour is disrup trive, to develop goals of discipline in school such as; helping the child accept responsibility for their own behaviour, exercise self control, respect the rights of others, adopt the principles of fairness and honesty and face logical consequences of their behaviour. The behaviour policy in the Pupil referral unit should also cover strategies such as tactical ignoring of certain behaviours, using simple directons, postive reinforcement of rules, behaviour and work. Strategies such as giving the children simple choices about sanctions, giving time out for five minutes, using isolation for counselling to discuss problems, or using break and lunchtime detentions, or keeping children for ten minutes after school can also be used as a positive way to modify pupil behaviours. Deflecting and defusing situations are one of the units strengths, as mentioned in Log B. The most common deflecting strategy used to distract the child from their behaviour, is usually humour but not with added sarcasm; this usually works and seems to calm the children down very quickly, without letting them lose face. The child is then reminded about giving an apology to the appropriate teacher. A room could also be used to mentor children who have caused disruption within a les son so that they can discuss their actions with a member of staff. These are all positive steps in helping children to understand how their actions can affect themselves and others and to consider the feelings of others and attempt to perceive their point of view. By enabling a child to empathise with others behaviours can often be modified in a more positive way. In conclusion the most important aspect of improving behaviour in any school is to develop a postive relationship with the children you teach, this is especially important in a Pupil referral unit as the pupils find it more difficult to make positive relationships. However, when they find a teacher that is friendly, caring, consistently predicatable and reliable many pupils will react postively and consequently their behaviour improves. For children who the above approach doesnt work, time and effort including observations are needed to determine which behavioural perspectives to use to help that child progress. In the Pupil referral unit therefore, the most effective way to help a child who has experienced traumatic events would be to use counselling by other services, or having a teacher they like discussing aspects of their behaviour with them, but being consistent with all the strategies included within the whole school behavioural policy and the use of sanctions and rewards helps improve behaviour. Unfortunately, in recent years the incidents of emotional and behavioural issues among children in all schools (not just pupil referral units) has increased and the different sanctions and strategies mentioned previously have yet to be embedded and used effectively everywhere. This is due to government pressure and league tables. Teachers have had to move away from listening to pupils in class time in order to get children through examinations, and to reach targets. As many of the solutions to helping improve behavioural issues for children with SEBD are based on a within child view and the team around the child, these thing involve a commitment from the government of time and money to enable these areas to be accessed by both pupils and teachers in order to improve behaviour effectively. An acknowledgement therefore that time spent on developing relationships within schools is in fact key to effecting education, requires a shift in government attitude in terms of expectations and ta rgets. Only then will pupil behaviour ultimately improve across educational establishments.