Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet Essay For each of the following six dimensions of health, list at least one characteristic, activity, belief, or attitude that reflects that dimension in your life. Provide a brief explanation with each example. Refer to Ch. 1 in the text for explanations of these dimensions. Physical health: Diet and exercise. I have started to eat healthier and walk for an hour everyday. Social health: I have one best friend of 23 years that I talk to everyday. This is the most fulfilling friendship that I have in my life. She is like my sister that I never had. Intellectual health: Returning to the University of Phoenix is the way I am improving my intellectual health. Environmental health: Recycling cans and using a filter instead of buying bottled water are the ways that I practice environmental preservation. Emotional health: Appropriately disciplining my children without yelling is not the easiest thing for me to do. My three boys find ways to get under my skin purposely. I sometimes have to walk away and take a breather, in order to control my emotions. Spiritual health: Growing up in a Southern Baptist church has caused me to avoid organized religions. Currently, I am researching other options for spiritual growth.

Strategic Business Management and Planning Coca cola Company

Strategic Business Management and Planning Coca cola Company In the exact of science Business planning is often described as more than of an art. In organizations this becomes especially true when ones business plans revolve around the cycle of annual budgeting. At this point, business analysts with widespread of experience in the business exert the alleged spreadsheets from hell that a small number of people can be aware of modifying them alone. In other companies when compared to Coca Cola budgeting involve continuous revisions and edits to dozens of incoherent spreadsheets. This type of annual budgeting cycles are costly in both time and require more people resources, and they are generally determined by prior history, relatively to a companys strategic plans. In todays dynamic business world, this kind of business planning in an organization makes it difficult to hold growth and to get used to the continuously changing needs. (Michael Mankins and Richard Steele 2005) To become more responsive and contend effectively, companies need to develop from spreadsheet-based budgets towards a planning situation that can support organized strategic, tactical and operational business plans. This kind of planning atmosphere enables sound implementation strategies and business presentation advice mechanism which allows the executives and profession managers to modify business plans and processes. (Michael Mankins and Richard Steele 2005) 1.2 Organizational structure: Each and every organisation is made up of more than one person which needs some form of structure known as organisational structure. An organisational chart shows the working process of an organisation and the way in which chain of commands work within the organisation. The way that the company is planned is illustrated for a packaging company. The company is owned by shareholders and to look after their interests the shareholders decide directors. The managers are then appointed by the directors to run the business on a everyday basis. (The Times 100 / Revision Theory / Strategy (Accessed on 28th oct 2010)) The major responsibility of Managing Director is to run the company, which includes setting targets for the company and taking care of all the departments. The in and out movement of goods of the warehouse, supervising drivers and supervising the transport of goods to and from the firm are controlled by Distribution Manager which is his responsibility,. For keeping nonstop supply of work smooth to all production staff and also for organising manpower to get together the customers orders, the Production Manager is made responsible. The responsibility for building contact with customers and obtaining orders from those relations is held by Sales Manager. All the financial connections of the company are controlled by company Accontant and he is responsible to produce management accounts and monetary reports. (The Times 100 /Revision Theory/ Strategy (Accessed on 28th oct 2010)) 1.3 Understanding the problems: Strategic planning is essential to business success, but there are evidences which state that most of the companies today are failing in executing their strategies of business. The recent statistics state that Balanced Scorecard Collaborative (BSC) says that nine out of ten companies are lacking strategy execution. Current study of Marakon Associates by 197 senior executives states that 65% of companies accredited that they were better at developing strategies when compared to executing them. The studies of BSC and Marakon states that there is a major disconnect among the organizations strategic plans, tactical plans and the operational functioning of those plans. The main reasons for this disconnect are discussed below: (Michael Mankins and Richard Steele 2005) Sufficient time is not devoted by the executives and resources are not used in developing corporate strategies and clear action plans are not created to implement those strategies. Without allocating suitable resources or budgets to implement business plans, strategies are often defined by executives. As operational managers are not taking part of the strategic planning process, they are not responsible for execution of plan, and as a result they have no encouragement in making the plans work. Strategic plans are not communicated by the executives to an employees in which ways they are related to their everyday objectives, role and responsibilities. A very little business intelligence (BI) is used by the executives and they are often not aware of problems in the plan execution and make use of them to help them to line up actual business concert with business goals. To solve these problems executives and managers need planning tools that help them create and manage action plans, interact with employees about those plans and associated business strategies, and align business performance with business goals. 2. Mission, Vision, Values and Goals of Coca Cola Company: 2.1 Mission of Coca Cola Company: The mission is to create customer products, communications, consumer service, bottling system strategies, processes and tools in order to make aggressive benefit and distribute higher value to Customers as a better beverage experience. Through the use of completed drinks customers as a chance to grow profits. Bottlers as a chance to raise income in volumes. Bottlers as a brand development and positive financial value Added. Suppliers as a chance to make realistic income when creating real value-added in an atmosphere of system-wide team work, flexible business system and continuous growth. Indian society in the form of a contribution to economic and social development. 2.2 Vision of Coca Cola Company: The vision is to provide outstanding strategic management in the Coca-Cola company system which results in customer preference and loyalty, throughout the companys commitment to them and in an extremely lucrative Coca-Cola Corporate considered beverages system. Profit: Maximizing return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. People: Being a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. Portfolio: Bringing to the world a portfolio of beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples Desires and needs. Partners: Nurturing a winning network of partners and building mutual loyalty. Planet: Being a responsible global citizen that makes a difference. Fig: Vision for Sustainable Growth 2.3 Values of Coca Cola Company: Coca-Cola Company is guided by shared values where both the employees and the individuals of the Company live by their values. The values are that the employees in the Company are expected to keep and works regularly are as follows: Leadership: To deliver outstanding results, leadership is an initiative taken in order to lead, motivate and drive the team with energy and zeal. It is also taken as courage to shape a better future. Innovation: In whatever we do, innovation is a continuous strives to progress and to reach the next level of excellence, where it can be imagined, created and delighted. Passion: It is a deeply commitment in heart and mind in order to deliver an outstanding performance. Teamwork: Team work is to unite greater strength and work as a group collectively towards the attainment of common goals. Ownership: Thinking and acting like owners at all levels; taking decisions at the lowest appropriate level as best as possible. Accountability: For delivering decided targets and goals accountability is defined as individually and transparently to our colleagues. 2.4 Goals of Coca Cola Company: It is recently announced by CEO of Coca-Cola Company that they will tie top managers pay to how well the company meets new goals for diversity. It is also said that a position will be created to develop ways to promote minority employees. The Wall Street Journal recently reported that an e-mail was sent to all employees stating that Coke will set up a series of goals, objectives and targets for achieving assortment throughout the company over the next few months and that everyone in the organization, including the CEO, will be held accountable for meeting them. It also been added that success and compensation will be attached to meeting the new variety goals, and the same will be true throughout the management ranks. (Jet. FindArticles.com. 2010) The U.S. division of the company already tied a segment of managers bonuses to promote minorities, said by a Coke spokesman. It also distinguished that there are plans to employ a vice president and director of variety strategies who will work on promotion of minorities in the company worldwide. (Jet. FindArticles.com. 2010) Diversity, in its broadest sense, is a clear business imperative for our company and its future, and it is a top priority for me, was also stated. This makes us a better employer and business partner. It helps us compete more effectively in the marketplace. It makes us better neighbours in the communities we serve. And finally, it builds value for our shareowners. (Jet. FindArticles.com. 2010) 3. Current strategic plans of Coca Cola company: 3.1 Strategy formulation and implementation: The organizations business strategy is defined as a set of objectives, plans, and policies to compete successfully in its markets. In effect, the organizations competitive benefit is specified by the business strategy and how this benefit will be achieved and continued. The organizations core competencies is defined and focused as the key aspect of the business strategy. The business strategy that is actually detailed by strategic plan is typically formulated at the administrative committee level like CEO, president and vice presidents. It is usually formulated in the long range, which is three to five years. In fact, however, the long-range strategy is the decision that is made over time. In most of the firms, no pattern is showed at all by these decisions, which reflects the truth of having no active business strategy, even though they went through the process of strategic planning. In other cases the decisions accept very little or even no relationship to the stated organizations or official business strategy. The main point is that its true business strategy is told by the organizations actions than its public statements. 3.2 Formulating the Business Strategy: The organizations vision/mission statement, a range of factors outside to the organization, and a variety of factors inside to the organization are integrated by its relevant inputs to the strategic planning process. Resource Based View one school of thought is considered by the set of resources an internal factor available to the organization as the main driver of the business strategy. (Barney (1998, 2001)) By considering all the inputs, by developing a vision statement, a mission statement, or both a strategic planning is initiated. The organizations values and aspirations are expressed by Vision statements. The organizations purpose or reasons for existence are expressed by Mission statements. In some cases, the vision and mission statements are combined and chosen as a single statement by some organizations. Regardless of the developed vision and mission separate statements or combined statements, the main aim is to communicate organizations values, aspirations, and purpose such that the employees can make decisions that are reliable with and support these objectives. (Collis and Montgomery (1997)) Employees to high levels of performance can be inspired if the effective vision and mission statements are written using their language. According to, foster employees commitment, in the growth of the vision or mission statement, it is desirable to comprise a wide variety of employees, relatively to enforce top managements view by decree. Individual vision and mission statements that support the organizations overall statement are developed by work groups, departments, divisions, process teams, project teams and so on, once as a whole the vision and mission statements are developed for the organization. For example, if vision mission statement is developed by a university, each college under the university will develop their own unique statement which specifies their role that has to be played to support the overall mission. Similarly, once each and every school under the university develops its own vision-mission statement, unique statements within the school are developed by the de partments. The development of own unique statements by its organizational unit promotes wider involvement in the process, helping employees to think how it supports the overall mission in terms of their work, and statements result in more meaningful way to a selected group of employees. (Collis and Montgomery (1997)) 4. Cancer Research UK 4.1 Organizational structure: Each and every organisation is made up of more than one person which needs some form of structure known as organisational structure. An organisational chart shows the working process of an organisation and the way in which chain of commands work within the organisation. The way that the company is planned is illustrated for a packaging company. The company is owned by shareholders and to look after their interests the shareholders decide directors. The managers are then appointed by the directors to run the business on a everyday basis. (The Times 100 / Revision Theory / Strategy (Accessed on 28th oct 2010)) The major responsibility of Managing Director is to run the company, which includes setting targets for the company and taking care of all the departments. The in and out movement of goods of the warehouse, supervising drivers and supervising the transport of goods to and from the firm are controlled by Distribution Manager which is his responsibility,. For keeping nonstop supply of work smooth to all production staff and also for organising manpower to get together the customers orders, the Production Manager is made responsible. The responsibility for building contact with customers and obtaining orders from those relations is held by Sales Manager. All the financial connections of the company are controlled by company Accontant and he is responsible to produce management accounts and monetary reports. (The Times 100 /Revision Theory/ Strategy (Accessed on 28th oct 2010)) 4.2 Understanding the problems: Strategic planning is essential to business success, but there are evidences which state that most of the companies today are failing in executing their strategies of business. The recent statistics state that Balanced Scorecard Collaborative (BSC) says that nine out of ten companies are lacking strategy execution. Current study of Marakon Associates by 197 senior executives states that 65% of companies accredited that they were better at developing strategies when compared to executing them. (Michael Mankins and Richard Steele 2005) Cancer Research UK is pleased by Cancer Reform Strategy, that it is committed by the Government to buid its own strategy for cancer in UK and look forward to support its expansion. Cancer Research in UK has without doubt undergone great improvements from the time when the first NHS Cancer Plan of 2000 was in print. Services are improved corresponding increase in patients are seen by a team of specialists, and the patients who are taking part in clinical trials also increased. Cancer frequency and survival rates are both rising, improved medical technologies and treatments are constantly provided by the scientific advances, and in NHS radical change has begun to undergo in the structural and policy environment. It is believed that the Cancer Reform Strategy desires to take action to these developments, to make sure that cancer patients have admittance to services and information now and in future in the best possible way. It is belived by Cancer Research UK that the below mentioned are the priorities for Cancer Reform Strategy: Outcomes of Clinical data and support based policy. Speculation, employees and capability of planning and competence. Cancer research is supported and access to clinical trials improved. Cancer prevention prioritising. Inequalities tackled. Early presentation, detection and screening are improved. Access to new treatments are ensured. High excellence, customized information to patients is provided. Cancer networks are developed. To deliver improved outcomes cancer services are reconfigured. 5. Vision, Values, Goals and Impact of Cancer Research 5.1 Vision Statement of Cancer Research Cancer Research UKs vision is Together we will beat cancer. Our vision is of what we want to, why we exist and the impact of us on society. We are beating cancer is an enormous challenge. Below mentioned are the four ways how we are going to address the challenge: (The Big Give.org.uk, Accessed on 28th Nov 2010) To progress our understanding of cancer world class research is carried out and finding a solution to prevent, diagnose and treat different kinds of cancer. To progress the lives of all cancer patients it is made sure that our findings are used. Helping people to understand cancer, the progress that is made and the choices each person can make. To achieve the maximum impact in the worldwide fight against cancer, Cancer Research works in partnership with others. 5.2 Values of Cancer Research Encouraging excellence: We seek out the best and support those who are able to make a disproportionate difference. Supporting innovation: We use the advantages of our independence and financial security to try radically new things. Sustainability: We seek to create sustainable improvements. The Charity supports and respects its historical connections and seeks to support innovative initiatives that aim to modernise healthcare, in particular by researching new and improved solutions, speeding up treatment, delivering care as near to home as appropriate and by making the hospital environment a pleasant experience for patients, visitors and staff and one conducive to healing. (Chelsea and Westminster Health Charity, Jan 2008) Investing ethically: The Charity investment policy forbids direct investment in tobacco companies. 5.3 Goals of Cancer Research: Ten goals have been launched by Cancer Research to shape the work over the next decade and beyond. To attain these ten goals, partnerships with charities and other medical research organisations are formed, as well as partnerships with professional and public health bodies, pharmaceutical companies, the Government and our supporters whose perseverance is necessary to our progress. The target is to achieve the following goals by 2020: 1. People will know how to decrease the risk of cancer: Three-quarters of the public in UK will know the main way of life choices they can make to lessen the danger of getting cancer. 2. The figure of smokers will fall radically: Four million smaller amount adults will be smokers, preventing thousands of new cases of cancer every year 3. People below 75 will be smaller amount to get cancer: The probability of a person getting cancer up to the age of 75 will drop down from more than one in four to one in five. 4. Cancer will be diagnosed in advance: when the cancer can be treated successfully two-thirds of all cancer cases can be diagnosed at a stage. 5. People will understand how cancer is started and developed: People will have a clear understanding of the causes and changes in the body of all cases of cancer. 6. Better treatment can be provided with smaller number side effects: Treatments that exactly target the cancer will have some serious side effects will be decreased to slightest half of all patients. 7. More people can survive cancer: There will be an increase in survival rates of all common cancers, with at least two-thirds of newly-diagnosed patients living more than five years. 8. Cancer can be especially tackled in low income communities: The difference of dying from cancer will be reduced by half among the wealthiest and the least wealthy people. 9. People suffering from cancer will get the information needed: More than nine out of ten patients can access the information needed during diagnosis and at the time of treatment. 10. We will prolong to fight against cancer beyond 2020: Adequate scientists, doctors, nurses and communications will be in place to make sure of continued quick improvement in the fight against cancer beyond 2020. (Cancer research uk) 5.4 Impact of Cancer Research: UKs Cancer Research work till now has saved millions of lives in UK and all over the world. In the last thirty years the Cancer survival rate has been doubled and the work is at the spirit of that development. The scientific research is taken all the way to the patients bedside from the laboratory bench, funding more than 4,500 researchers, doctors and nurses throughout the UK. Over 100 clinical trials, testing exciting new drugs and treatments for cancer are supported by us. (The Big Give.org.uk, Accessed on 28th Nov 2010) 6. Cancer Research Business Planning: 6.1 Introduction: It has been published by the Government in July 2004, the governments 10-Year Science and Innovation Investment Framework. This shows the commitment of Governments towards science and research over the next decade, with the long-term objective of the overall levels of investment in research and development is to boost up to 2.5% of gross domestic product by the year 2014. This Delivery Plan states out how Cancer Research in UK is continuing to contribute to the overall achievement of ambitions of framework, which are listed as below: (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) Making UK as the world-class in each and every area of science, engineering and technology. More effectively translating the new knowledge that is generated into innovation. Improving wealth and excellence of life of UK. Making UK the location for the choice of RD and adding high value to business. 6.2 Technological change: Engineering and the physical sciences are considered to be critical across the spectrum of business for the development of technological innovation. Engineering and the physical sciences research council (EPSRC) is the largest Research Council in partnership with TSB, and has their own widespread of direct partnership with industry, together with SMEs, from most important strategic partnerships to their extensive support in every aspect of industry, all the way through knowledge transfer activities and collaborative training. The key Delivery Plan is the priority to broaden the engagement with business and the service sector, working in collaboration with TSB and BERR. (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) Examples include: Appealing with financial service and retail sectors to have improvement in the services like advanced techniques to fight against credit card fraud and through the Digital financial system. Through Network Security improvement Platform, supporting the Government as a major user to use ICT, like working in affiliation with the Home Office Passport and Identity Agencies. Contributing to the transformation of energy like well-organized photovoltaics through Nano science theme, which supports new technologies like plastic electronics, quantum information processing, advanced composites, and beyond silicon electronics. 6.3 Globalisation and Shifting Economic Patterns: In UK the raises of challenges globalisation for business are growing regularly. Features of EPSRCS contribution for globalisation include: EPSRCS portfolio of Innovative Manufacturing Research Centres (IMRCs) are funding a broad range of study in manufacturing technology, business process engineering, manufacturing management, supply chains. This work has contributed forthcoming Sainsbury Review, which continues to provide a significant proof base for BERR, DIUS and the Treasury in the growth of modernization policy and strategy. (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) The exploitation of user is driven and Grand Challenges are ensured such that they remain united with the strategic needs of the society and economy. To be competitive internationally PhD training is realigned, and leverage is gained from international knowledge in partnership with peer funding agencies. 6.4 Global Uncertainty and Terrorism: EPSRC is maintaining funding partnerships with a number of key stakeholders, in order to tackle the challenges of prevention, discovery and response to crime and terrorism. The crime collection features widespread end-user partnership includes Local Authorities, Home Office Agencies, industry and Police services. Actions that include: In partnership with Home Office facts in crime and terrorism, originally on container screening at air ports, construction on the accomplishment of previous events on gun crime and hostility terrorism in public places. Establishing organization with Centre for Protection of the National Infrastructure (CPNI), aiming to increase this to comprise other key stakeholders like the MoD and the Cabinet Office. Additional partnership with Home Office, Communities and Local Government in areas like conniving out crime and crime-free communities. EPSRC is the leading Research Council in partnership with MoD Joint Grant Scheme, with negotiations in progress to increase our communication with MoD originally determined during Nanoscience theme. Defence security also attribute powerfully in our collection of strategic partnerships with industry, in exacting with BAE Systems and QinetiQ. Emerging affiliation with DFID, construction on worldwide development activity purposeful on Energy. (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) 6.5 Demographic Change: EPSRCs key interests in demographic alteration are disturbed with ensuring that civilization is clever to increase the challenges that new demographic outline will present, the elderly people in particular. Key areas include: The Department of Health is collaborated with Healthcare theme of Next Generation, surrounding with in areas like Information Driven Healthcare and Assisted Living, both of them support the cross Council Life Long Health and Wellbeing agenda. Extensive Quality of Life selection, addressing issues like treatment technology and the comprehensive aim of goods and environments, with well-built appointment with social care agencies both in local Government sector, charity and NHS sectors. The IMRCs support for healthcare examination release, with devoted centres determined on the stipulation of communications and on technology appraisal and procurement, operations closely in partnership with NHS stakeholders. (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) 7. Facilities and Infrastructure 7.1 High-End Computing The stipulation of high-end computing communications are ensured throughout the following performances: In October 2007 service is commenced known as High-End Computing Terascale (HECToR) which works in collaboration with the sponsoring Research Councils, industry and academic world to make certain good utilization facilities. The extent and price of stipulation necessary away from HECToR has led to intervention at European-level, by means of methodical case which is previously agreed. EPSRC will spend for technology development activities in the starting 2-year phase due to the funds from the Commission to be matched. (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) 7.2 Other Facilities: A number of facilities are supported where significant mass and centralisation present more suitable provision than distributed, numerous provision. Continuous investment in the subsequent will make sure that researchers have right of entry to necessary communications in a cost-effective manner: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Isaac Newton Institute International Centre for Mathematical Sciences à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Engineering Loan Pool à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Materials science equipment sharing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Meso-scale facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Capital equipment to support leading-edge research. International Review of ICT recommendation are followed to preserve the software essential to maintain UK researchers competitive benefit in the Digital Economy. (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) 7.3 Next-Generation Facility Users: EPSRC is investing in partnership with STFC, to make sure that greatest importance is obtained from the UKs centrally provided research facilities, which include Diamond Light Source and ISIS Target Station. Funds are provided to support a impartial selection of research with a component of doctoral preparation to develop the next generation of researchers skills by means of these and other facilities. For HPC outline busines case is developed by means of Architecture Comparison and by a reassess of vendor market positions. In the year 2009/10 the business case will be honed with our not compulsory panels earlier than being that is taken to Council for endorsement after which discussion is done with other Research councils for seeking endorsement from RCUKEG. (Study on the Economic Impact of the Research councils 2007) 8. Similarities between Coca Cola Company and Cancer Research UK: 8.1 Introduction: Over the years, marketing had difficulties in gaining acceptance in a number of non-profit organizations like Cancer Research UK. One hindrance was the view that marketing really was not necessary (Kotler et al, 1991). Today top companies like Coca Cola recognize the primacy of customer orientation. The customer orientation works back from an appraisal of what customers want to how production and resources can be organized to meet these wants (Doyle, 1998). Most organizations profit and non- profit are not highly customer-centred, even if they want to. But now management has realized that it is the customer who truly determines the long-run success of any strategy that the non-profit organization can join the ranks of the sophisticated customer-centred marketing strategists typically found in the private sector. They begin with the customer and the customers needs and wants (Kotler et al, 1991). Despite the differences that exist between for-profit- and non-profit organizations, marketing Procedures relevant to profit-oriented companies are also applied to non-profit organizations. Target marketing, differentiation, and marketing mix decisions are made (Jobber, 1998). The single most important stage in the strategic marketing planning process is determined by the organizations core marketing strategy (Kotler et al, 1991). All marketing strategy is built on segmentation, targeting and positioning (Kotler, 2003). Most companies use outside agencies to help implement their marketing communications but managers cannot abdicate their responsibilities for communications. The decisions are too important and too costly for top management not

Product Testing: Toxic And Tragic :: essays research papers

Product Testing: Toxic and Tragic by the PETA Organization This is an article written by one of the most passionate and reliable sources of animal rights, called PETA (People For the Ethical Treatment of Animals). I do not want to dumb down the information in this article, but I will try not to drone on. This article speaks of how people test cosmetics on animals, the ethics of it and alternatives to product testing on animals. First, there are test called â€Å"Eye Irritancy Tests†. These tests find out whether products used for or near the eyes will hurt one’s eyes. These animals, usually rabbits, are first locked into these headlocks where their heads protrude out and their bodies behind. Then, without using any form of anesthesia, the product, whether it be liquid or powder, is literally dropped in these rabbit’s eyes. They hold open the eyes of the rabbit with some sort of hook. Then they record the results of these tests such as: inflammation, bleeding and deterioration. The rabbits often break their necks trying to get free from these locks. Next their is an â€Å"Acute Toxicity Test†, performed on a group of test animals ranging in size. Usually what they will do is force a tube into the animal’s stomachs or cut a hole into their throats. Then they will force a substance in through those ways. Other options are that they could inject the fluid through the skin or a vein. These tests are to see how these fluids would effect humans. The scientists look for results like: bleeding, diaherra, convulsions and skin eruptions. There is also another test linked to this one called the â€Å"Lethal Dose Test†. These tests are unreliable. The article then tells of how these methods are legal, but very lethal for animals. In this section such controversies like how â€Å"the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires only that each ingredient in a cosmetics product be "adequately substantiated for safety" prior to marketing or that the product carry a warning label indicating that its safety has not been determined.† Which means these test results do not guarantee our safety. Testing on animals could be completely bogus for are we know. There are alternatives to animal testing. For seven years, the cruelty-free company petitioned the American Dental Association gave a seal of approval to Tom's of Maine toothpaste’s. Toothpaste companies (like Proctor and Gamble) were performing lethal tests on rats in order to be eligible for the ADA seal. The scientists would brush rat’s teeth for more than a month, then kill the animals and examine their teeth under a microscope.

Costs and benefits of free speech and press -- American Constitution U

Freedom of speech and press, or freedom of expression, are "fundamental rights". Without these freedoms a truly free society cannot exist. By definition, they allow the citizens to communicate their ideas both verbally and in print. There are many advantages, as well as disadvantages, that an individual receives these rights. However, as with most constitutional freedoms, free of expression can be limited under certain circumstances. The First Amendment in the United States Constitution states ?Congress shall make no law?abridging the freedom of speech, or the press?? According to the Framers, the freedom to express individual views is vital to a free government and from their personal experience the freedom to write and publish also needs to be sheltered from government intervention. Every state constitution contains securities of free expression similar to the U.S. Constitution. An extra safeguard for the individual's right to free expression is stated in Section 1 of the 14th Amendment: ?No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.? By incorporation of the 14th Amendment, the rewards of the 1st Amendment not only include protection from the federal government, but state governments. Free expression sponsors development of individuals by allowing people to have their own opinions and is also essential in shaping governmental policy. Also, by permitting citizens to influence public opinion by persuasion rather than violence, free expression allows for peaceful social change. For example, in the 1950s and 60s the civil rights movement peaceably brought ... ... at issue. Freedom of speech not only protects the right to speak out, but the right not to speak. This includes when a person is first arrested and their right not to speak is kept by Miranda Rights. In the Fifth Amendment, a person has the right to keep silent in court if they will incriminate themselves. Still, if a judge grants immunity testifying is mandatory but nothing said will be used against you. Free expression protects us from the government. Obviously the benefits outweigh the costs, but, the negative aspects are remedied through limitations on free expression so as not to interfere with a person?s life, liberty, and property. The right not to speak is protected through various Amendments in the Constitution most noticeably Amendment 1. It is through these guidelines that free expression has become fundamental law and establishes a truly free society.

The Role Played by the International Force for East Timor in the East T

The Role Played by the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) in the East Timorese Efforts to Achieve Independence Introduction East Timor (also called Timor-Leste in Portuguese) is a country in Southeast Asia. It was a Portuguese colony from the 16th century up until Portugal’s decolonisation in 1975. In 1976 Timor-Leste was invaded by Indonesia who sought to expand its territory. This lead to the development of long guerrilla warfare between the East Timorese who wanted their independence and the Indonesian troops who suppressed the East Timorese efforts to independence. This struggle for independence lasted from 1976 until 1999. This led to the deaths of a third of the East Timorese population due to conflict related causes. Following the fall of Indonesian President Suharto, the UN endorsed an agreement between Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Indonesia agreed to, albeit reluctantly, hold a referendum in Timor-Leste for independence or integration into Indonesia. This referendum was held in August 1999 and it was supervised by the UN. The votes in favour of independence were in the majority. However, th e referendum was followed by a violent reaction by the pro-integrationist East Timorese population, which were supported by Indonesian elements. The international community was very much appalled by the violence following the referendum and there was a change in the international climate in terms of humanitarian intervention following NATO’s intervention in Kosovo, the UN’s failure to act in Rwanda, and also the inaction of the international community in Bosnia. The change of international climate led to decisive action for Timor-Leste. Under the aegis of Australia, Indonesia reluctantly consented to the international pe... ...tribution to Asia-Pacific security architecture, Pacific Review: St Antony's College, Oxford, 2003. 2. Taylor, John G. East Timor: the price of freedom ( Zed Books) 1999 3. Vincent, R. J. Non-intervention and International Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974. Online sources 1. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade country/economy fact sheet on East Timor, Canberra, (Website). www.dfat.gov.au. 2. Kofi Annan, ‘Two concepts of sovereignty’, The Economist, 18 Sept. 1999, pp81-2 at p. 82. 3. "Operation Astute, Timor-Leste," Department of Defence, Canberra, (Website) www.defence.gov.au. 4. Security Council Authorizes Multinational forces In East Timor http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1999/19990915.sc6727.doc.html. 5. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1272 S-RES-1272(1999) in 1999 (retrieved 2008-04-12)

Medical Assistant Ethics

There are numerous ethical issues that a medical assistant may encounter in a daily office or hospital setting. It is unethical to have a conversation with a fellow coworker regarding a patient. The patient may overhear or worse they may be related to someone in the office. It is no one’s business as to why the patient had an appointment. Another unethical behavior that is unacceptable is foul language in front of the patients. They do not need to hear that kind of language under any circumstances. When a patient comes in to see you and smells of urine or alcohol, be courteous to the patient and do not judge the patient. This patient may not have the means to shower daily or they may be sick and are unaware of the odor. A good thing to remember when dealing with an ethical issue is always do the right thing at the right time and it will never become an issue. Medical Assistants need to put themselves into the shoes of the patient. They need to ask themselves, how would I want to be treated? How would I like to be recognized in the eyes of the health care worker? How would I want my family treated? In doing this little experiment on a daily basis they will come to realize that we all are human and need to be treated equally, no matter what the situation may be. The general skills of a Medical Assistant consist of basic customer service. They must be able to communicate between the doctors and the patients. They need to do this within the legal and ethical boundaries. Document every conversation because if it is not documented then the conversation never happened. Educate the patient within the scope of practice. Let the patient know of community resources for future reference of patients’ needs. Operational functions are also a part of the daily duties of a Medical Assistant. Performing inventory of supplies and equipment so items can be replenished. Doing these functions will always help in maintaining the highest quality of care for the patient. Clinical skills of the CMA of general patient care to make them as comfortable as possible. Many diagnostic procedures are required of the CMA; from collecting specimens to performing radiology tests. Fundamental principles consisting of sterilizing rooms and equipment are skills that a CMA will do daily. Doing these clinical skills while practicing standard precautions must be a high priority for everyone in the health care facility. Administrative skills are essential for a CMA to do the job that is required of them. It is all done via computer so there typing skills must be adequate for them to succeed. From patient schedules to bookkeeping to insurance forms, all is done on a daily basis. Licensure is when a government agency authorizes individuals to work in a job. A CMA does not need a license to work. Professions needing licenses are nurses and therapists. Registration is a professional organization in a specific health care field that administers exams and/or maintains a list of qualified individuals. CMA’s can apply for a registration credential. This would give them a better paying job and more responsibilities at their present facility. Certification involves the issuing of a certificate and credentials by a professional organization to someone who has met the experience and education guidelines of that organization. This basically tells everyone that you have finished your schooling for Medical Assisting. For a Medical Assistant to maintain his/her certification they must recertify either by passing the CMA exam again or by receiving sixty recertification points, thirty of which must be AAMA approved CEU’s. The points must be as follows 10 administrative, 10 clinical, 10 general and 30 from any combination of the above three categories. You must also submit proof (photocopy of the card and length of program) of current, provider level CPR certification. Continuing education units (CEU’s) can be received by reading online books and taking a test when finished. The AAMA sponsors many workshops, seminars, and county, state, and national conferences for MA’s to remain current in their field and earn the CEU’s. For the safety of the patient and employee, an MA should never perform any tasks that are outside the scope of the MA practice. Outside the scope of a Medical Assistant’s practice would be suturing a wound, administering a pap test for a female patient, or possibly giving the patient the diagnosis of the symptoms they are experiencing. A physician should never delegate the full range of physical therapy to anyone other than a physical therapist. Under no circumstances should the Medical Assistant do any duties that are outside their scope of practice. If I were approached by my supervisor to perform outside of my scope of practice, I would calmly and rationally refuse the request. I do not feel that any job is worth losing if you are asked to perform it wrong. I would explain to my supervisor politely that I am not qualified to perform the task asked and I would suggest someone else in the facility that is capable. I would let them know I would be willing to help out with any other task that is within my scope of practice. In order to find the article listed, I went to google. com and found an article from AAMA website on scope of practice act for Wisconsin. You can also go to AAMA website. Click on site map. Go to CMA today and scroll down. Click on Public Affairs Articles. Scroll down until you see the article found on google. If I were approached by a patient or a fellow coworker and referred to as a nurse, I would explain to them that I am a Medical Assistant and explain some of my job functions. I would let them know that there is a big difference and the title does need to be corrected. I would let them know that if I were to acknowledge the comment of being called a nurse, I could lose my job as well as my career. They may not understand that it is a very serious offense. I would explain them that the actual nurses would not be able to be titled as a doctor so the same holds true for me. When a medical assistant misrepresents herself/himself, they are in fact making the entire profession look bad in the eyes of the patient. The disciplinary results that could happen to the medical assistant are far greater than the prestige of stating you are who you are not. State disciplinary actions can result in fines and other criminal penalties. All office personnel should avoid referring to the medical assistant as a nurse also not just the patient. The doctor can also lose his career and/or a fine. I could lose my certification also.

Distingusih Between Assertive and Submissive Style of Communication

Distinguish between imperative and bowing way of life of communication What be self-assertive and submissive styles of communication? self-assertive communication is a way of playing that does non make the mountain to lose physically or emotionally. In addition, it allows us to declargon our own rights and the rights of some separates. We are sufficient to show our odorings, wants and needs openly. When we communicate with other people, we are open to listening their tonicitys or needs as well as are provideinging to compromise. Thus, it consists of strong self-esteem, lordliness and self-confidence.Submissive communication is a still bodily process that is self-denying and not searching for achieving goals. Moreover, it does not express needs, wants, opinions or feelings and beca substance abuse it evermore avoids conflict even though it is discomfort equal to(p). When we cheat on to communicate our concerns or hesitations, other people will not know how we feel or will misinterpret our actions. thither are ii ends between assertive and submissive style of communication such as behaviors and resolutions. To begin with, behavior is a difference of these communications.This is because assertive behavior is to ready in a sense, which is neither motionless nor aggressive. It demonstrates h unmatchablest, self-confident and direct communication. When we are able to behave as an assertive mortal, we will express and use direct ways, which gaze the feeling of the other people. For example, while you and your confederate discuss about the assignment, you listen what your maven want to say first and then(prenominal) you give feedback honestly what it should be or not. Submissive behavior gives the priority to the other and is afraid of meeting conflict.It allows others to dictate to them, denies their rights and ignores the needs. In group regards, some group members stupefy one task of their projects. Then, only one person needs to t ake two tasks of the projects but he has to do other project. Nevertheless, he does not refuse the tasks to take. And then he does not express the feeling that is not comfortable. Response is a shape of verbal and non-verbal interaction between the speaker unit and the listener. A basic assertive rejoinder may involve a unanalyzable request such as You piece of ass help me how to calculate the equation.But employ I statement is not only when response to other people s statement. For example, I like the way you handled this project or I feel safe when you accept my opinion. In submissiveness, its response can encourage treatment that reinforces a passive role. While the underlying causes of passive responding are often scummy self-confident and self-esteem, passive responding itself can serve to nevertheless reduce the feelings of self-worth. For instance, if a submissive person may tend to have poor eye contact that he has fear looking others in the eye.He does not use a ny gestures when he is talking with psyche as well as he doesnt show much bearing on his event. If he does responses an expression, its believably a constant smile or a blank look. In conclusion, behaviors and responses are the ways of acting in communication. We do need to be careful in using behaviors and responses as some of these actions will lead to bad attitude. We will practice suitable behaviors and responses in appropriate situation. I think that using assertive style can get successful in life because it is not anxious to face good things or bad things.However, submissive communication cannot achieve the goals hopping in the mentality owing to the fact that it fears to experience an unmet thing. References Harris, G. (2011). The difference between Passive, Aggressive and Assertive Communication. The convalescent Engineer. Retrieved on March 19, 2013, from http//recoveringengineer. com/2011/10/ changing Minds. (n. d. ). Submissive Behavior. Retrieved on March 20, 201 3, from http//changingminds. org/techniques/assertiveness/submissive_behavior. htm